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A-level History > Charles > Flashcards

Charles Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the council of Indies established and what was its job?

A

1524
Made up of letrados to draw up necessary laws and hear appeals

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2
Q

What did increased financial security from the New World allow?

A

Charles to borrow from European banks

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3
Q

What licenses were given from 1518 onwards?

A

Licenses to transport African slaves to work in the new world

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4
Q

What were viceroys subject to?

A

Yearly review

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5
Q

What did Charles want to prioritise in the New World?

A

Conversion of natives to Catholicism

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6
Q

What did imports of silver and gold lead to?

A

Inflation

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7
Q

Where were viceroys appointed to in the New World?

A

Mexico and Peru

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8
Q

Who was Las Casas and what did he do?

A

A Dominican friar who spoke out against the treatment of the natives and the creation of encomienda

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9
Q

When were the New Laws introduced and what did they do?

A

1542
Abolished slavery and the granting of new encomiendas

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10
Q

What caused the New Laws?

A

Pressure from the colonists

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11
Q

What were the indies a new market for?

A

Castilian products

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12
Q

When were the Potosi silver mines discoverd?

A

1545

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13
Q

What new products were brought back to Europe?

A

Chocolate, Pineapple, Rubber

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14
Q

How much of all imported silver and gold were the crown allowed to keep?

A

1/5

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15
Q

Why did the native population decrease dramatically?

A

Overwork
New diseases (smallpox)

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16
Q

What did increased wealth lead to?

A

Increased social mobility

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17
Q

What benefits did the new world provide?

A

Cultural - art, language, music

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18
Q

How much money did the transportation of silver and gold produce per annum?

A

324,000

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19
Q

How much money did the transportation of silver and gold produce during Charles’ reign?

A

11 million

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20
Q

Who did the Spanish want as king instead of Charles?

A

Ferdinand - his younger brother

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21
Q

When was Charles given the crown with a regent?

A

1516

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22
Q

When was Charles crowned king completely?

A

1518 - when he turned 18

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23
Q

Where did Charles grow up?

A

The Netherlands

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24
Q

When did Charles die?

A

1558

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25
Q

What was Charles nationality?

A
  • Mothered by Margaret of Austria
  • Mother was Spanish (Joanna)
  • Father Austrian (Phillip of Hasburg)
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26
Q

Who was Charles’ teacher?

A

Adrian of Utrecht

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27
Q

Who did Charles marry?

A

Isabella of Portugal

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28
Q

When did Charles marry Isabella of Portugal?

A

1526

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29
Q

When did Charles abdicate the throne?

A

1556

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30
Q

What problems were faced by Charles during his reign?

A
  • Lands linked by ruler only - Castile and Aragon
  • Threat of France invading Netherlands
  • Spanish didn’t trust foreigners
  • Ferdinand (brother) favored by nobles as he grew up in Spain
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31
Q

What were the reasons that the Spanish mistrusted Charles?

A
  • Didn’t look like a King
  • Limited knowledge of Spain and language
  • He didn’t prioritise Spain
  • Took him a long time to arrive in Spain
  • Advisors not Spanish - Burgundian
  • Sent Spanish money to Burgundian court
  • Elected as HRE
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32
Q

When did Charles become HRE?

A

28th June 1519

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33
Q

Why did Charles ruling lots of different countries anger Spanish nobles?

A
  • Lots of different foreign policy aims
  • Caused a question of priorities
  • Foreigners caused as a threat
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34
Q

Who were Charles’ Burgundian advisers?

A

Lord of Chievres
Guilliaume Jaques de Croy
Adrian of Utrecht

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35
Q

What were the reserves of the Castilian Cortes when it came to Charles?

A
  • Juan de Zumei publicly refused Charles as a sovereign - wanted Joanna his mother
  • Inclusion of foreigners in meetings (Burgundian councilor as president of cortes
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36
Q

What were the demands of the Castilian Cortes from Charles?

A
  • Removal of president of cortes
  • Respect laws and privileges’ of Castille
  • Remove foreigners from service
  • Speak Castillian/live in Spain
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37
Q

What was Charles granted from the Castilian Cortes?

A
  • Servicio of 600,000 ducats without conditions
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38
Q

What were the Aragonese Cortes reservations of Charles?

A
  • reluctant to recognise Charles as King
  • Had more power to resist Charles - had to pass through 3 cortes
  • Mother, Juana still alive - she should’ve been on the throne
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39
Q

What were the Aragonese Cortes demands of Charles?

A
  • Removal of president of cortes
  • Respect laws and privileges
  • Speak Castillian/live in Spain
  • Remove foreigners from service
  • Remove Burgundian advisers
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40
Q

What was Charles granted by the Aragonese Cortes?

A

250,000 ducats

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41
Q

What were Charles’ sources of income?

A

The New World
Castille
Aragon
Church
Trade

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42
Q

What were Charles’ costs?

A
  • Greed of Burgundian followers
  • Imperial election
  • Debt
  • Wars
  • Empire
  • Upkeep of royal household
  • Ceremonial court
  • Salaries of new positions
  • Spending on Jewels and Art
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43
Q

What were the problems Charles could face when it comes to the economy?

A

Cortes could say no
Ship could sink from the new world

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44
Q

What was Charles source of income from Castille?

A
  • Little resistance from high taxation
  • Alcabala
  • Established crowns right to servicio
  • Defeat of communeros
  • tax burden on lower/middle class
  • sale of juros
  • loans
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45
Q

What was Charles source of income from Aragon?

A
  • Constitution meant couldn’t raise taxes
  • Aragon was not economically strong
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46
Q

What was Charles source of income from the church?

A
  • didn’t have to pay taxes
  • pope allowed Charles proportion of all income
  • cruzada
  • 1/4 of royal income
  • Orders of Knights
  • Gifts of money
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47
Q

How much money did Charles receive from the Church in 1532?

A

372,000

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48
Q

How much money did Charles receive from the church in 1551?

A

500,000

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49
Q

What was Charles source of income from the new world?

A
  • silver mines
  • revenue from taxes, customs duties, indian tribute and 1/5 all metals mined
  • Vital contribution
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50
Q

How much money was the average income of the new world between 1534-1540?

A

324,000

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51
Q

What was the effectiveness of the councilor system?

A
  • less nobility
  • more qualified people
  • keeps states separate
  • advise Charles
52
Q

What was the importance of Charles’ evolution of government?

A
  • adapted rather than completely changed
  • created councils of state and war
  • number of territorial councils increased
  • administrative councils back to earlier reign
  • created secretaries
  • appointed friends/family as governors/ viceroys
53
Q

Why did Charles attempt to make a centralised government?

A
  • Represented a central institution for Charles’ empire
  • Made of Burgundian, Italian, German composers
  • Rarely used
54
Q

Why did Charles centralised government fail?

A

Impractical - diverse lands/customs
People liked being unified under one monarch

55
Q

What did the revolts teach Charles?

A

He would endanger his position if he ignored the privileges and threatened the autonomy of the different states

56
Q

Why did Charles prioritise Castille over Aragon?

A

Castilians contributed a lot to the administration of the monarchy

57
Q

How was Charles represented in the rest of the empire?

A
  • Each had a separate political, judicial and fiscal (taxes) system
  • No part was considered subordinate to another
58
Q

What was the problems with the system of the running of the HRE?

A

Charles’ presence/absence had an impact on the effectiveness of his rule

59
Q

What did Pope Adrian VI grant Charles to do in 1525?

A

The power to pick every major person to do with the church/ in the ecclesiastical office

60
Q

When did Pope Adrian VI grant Charles the power to pick his Ecclesiastical office?

A

1525

61
Q

Define episcopal

A

Bishop reforms

62
Q

When was Juan Pardo de Tavera alive?

A

1472-1545

63
Q

What was Juan Pardo de Tavera’s constitution considered?

A

Exemplary for all other bishops to follow

64
Q

What were Juan Pardo de Tavera roles?

A

Archbishop Santiago
Archbishop Toledo

65
Q

Who was Cardinal Cisneros?

A

He was responsible for the foundations of the Alcalá University
Commissioned the polygot bible 1522 in 5 different languages

66
Q

What were 3 aims of Cisneros when setting up the Alcalá University?

A
  • train ecclesiastics to recover their catholic values
  • create qualified lawyers and bishops to direct the Catholic Monarchy ;
  • Introduce Catholicism culture/make stronger
67
Q

Who was Erasmus?

A
  • Created the Erasmian movement
  • Work was well received in courts/spain
68
Q

Who/When was Erasmus invited to Spain?

A

1516 - by Cisneros

69
Q

Who wrote the Handbook of a Christian Soldier?

A

Erasmus

70
Q

What was the Erasmian movement?

A
  • the humanistic belief in an individual’s capacity for self-improvement and the fundamental role of education in raising human beings above the level of brute animals
  • remained Catholic with protestant sympathies
71
Q

What was protestanism?

A

Adherence to the Christian doctrine regarded as protestant

72
Q

What was a Heretic?

A

someones who opinions were contrary to that of Catholicism

73
Q

What was Illuminism?

A

members of a 16th century group of heretics who claimed religious enlightenment

74
Q

What was Alumbrados?

A

Practitioners of the new from of christianity emerging in Spain during the 15th/16th century

75
Q

What was a Lutheran?

A

Followers categorised by the theology of Martin Luther

76
Q

When was the council of indies established?

A

1524

77
Q

What did the council of indies do/who was it made up of?

A

Letrados to draw up laws and hear appeals

78
Q

What did the increased financial security from the new world mean?

A

Charles was able to borrow from European banks

79
Q

What licenses were given from 1518 onwards?

A

To transport slaves from Africa to work in the New World

80
Q

What were viceroys of the new world subject to?

A

yearly reviews of conduct

81
Q

What did Charles want to prioritise in the new world?

A

Conversion of natives to Catholics

82
Q

What did increased imports of gold and silver from the new world lead to?

A

Increased inflation

83
Q

Where were viceroys appointed to in the new world?

A

Mexico and Peru

84
Q

Who was Las Casas/what did he do?

A

A dominican friar who spoke out against the mistreatment of natives and the encomienda system

85
Q

What did The New Laws 1542 do?

A

Abolished slavery and granting of new encomiendas.

86
Q

What was the reason for the rewriting of The New Laws?

A

Charles was under pressure from colonists

87
Q

What was the biggest effect on Spain of the new world?

A

Increased social mobility for conquistadores

88
Q

What was the indies a new market for?

A

Castilian products

89
Q

When were the Potosi silver mines discovered?

A

1545

90
Q

What products were brought back from the new world to Europe?

A

Pineapple
Chocolate
Rubber

91
Q

How much of all imported silver and gold was the crown allowed to keep?

A

1/5

92
Q

Why did the native population decrease dramatically?

A
  • Overwork
  • Diseases (small pox) brought over from Europe
93
Q

What benefits did the new world provide to Spain culturally?

A
  • Art
  • Languages
  • Music
94
Q

How many ducats did the transportation of silver and gold produce per annum?

A

324,000

95
Q

How much money did Charles make during his reign from silver and gold imports?

A

11 million ducats

96
Q

Who travelled as missionaries to the new world?

A

Dominicans
Franciscan

97
Q

Other than gold and silver imports, how else did Charles make money from the new world?

A

Taxing the colonists

98
Q

Who did inflation have the worst effect on?

A

Poorest in Spain

99
Q

How many conversions took place in Mexico?

A

4 million

100
Q

Why was the audencia council set up?

A

Oversee the implementation of the Crowns policies and act as a court of law

101
Q

What did the effectiveness of secretaries depend on?

A

Fluidity of the system

102
Q

Where was the most important group of secretaries?

A

Castille

103
Q

Why was Francisco de Cobos the most important secretary?

A

He dealt with affairs in Castile, Portugal, the New World and Italy from 1530

104
Q

What was the role of secretaries?

A
  • Preparing council agendas/royal documents
  • Decide whether correspondence important enough to reach king
  • Issue royal decrees without the cortes
105
Q

Why were the secretaries resented?

A

Because of their powers

106
Q

What was the job of regents?

A
  • Instructions on expectations
  • Advised how to deal with ministers and advisers
  • Look after Spain whilst Charles was away
107
Q

Who were Charles’ regents?

A

Isabella (wife) 1529-1539
Phillip (son) from 1543

108
Q

How many times did the Aragonese cortes meet?

A

6

109
Q

How many time did the Castillian cortes meet?

A

15 times

110
Q

What the 2 types of councils in the councillar system?

A

Administrative
Advisory

111
Q

What were the different Advisory councils?

A

Council of state
Council of war

112
Q

What was the role of the council of state?

A

1526
Symbol of status
Little political/administrative power
Made of nobility/letrados

113
Q

What was the role of the council of war?

A

Make decisions/advise about war and coordinate the army

114
Q

What were the different Administrative councils?

A
  • Council of finance
  • Council of Indies
  • Council of supreme and general inquisition
  • Royal council of Aragon
  • Royal council of Castille
115
Q

What was the role of the council of indies?

A

Run american/castillian possessions
Make new laws

116
Q

What was the role of the Royal council of Aragon?

A

Administration of justicec
Treasurer was Castillian

117
Q

What was the role of the Royal council of Castille?

A
  • Court of law
  • Acts as supreme court
  • Advisory system
118
Q

When was the Germanian revolt?

A

1520-1521

119
Q

When did France attack Navarre and Iberian penisula?

A

1521

120
Q

How many french were killed during the french attack on Navarre and the Iberian peninsula?

A

6,000

121
Q

When was the Holy league against the Ottomans?

A

1538

122
Q

when was the inquisition and edicts against charles?

A

1522

123
Q

Where were the Imperial diets 1524 and what did they do?

A

Nuremberg and Speuer
1524

124
Q

What was the schmalkdiac league?

A

Military alliance
Formed 1531
Defence of Lutheranism

125
Q

What was the double doctrine of justification of faith 1541?

A

A middle ground
Rejected by papacy and Luther

126
Q

Who persuaded the ottoman empire to break their truce with the Hapsburg?

A

France

A-level History (14 decks)

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