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A-level History > Spanish History definitions > Flashcards

Spanish History definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Albaicín

A

Key district in Granada

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2
Q

Alcabala

A

10% sales tax levied in Castile

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3
Q

Alumbrados

A

Otherwise known as the illuminists
They were mystics who downplayed the external manifestations of religion (including Church ceremonies) who attracted the attention of the Inquisition

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4
Q

Arquebuses

A

Type of firearm

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5
Q

Audiencias

A

High courts, in the new world they became apart of the government

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6
Q

Auto da fé

A

Means act of faith. Popularly used to refer to the act of burning those found guilty of heresy in the inquisition

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7
Q

Barbary States

A

North African states, e.g. Algiers, which professed the Islamic faith and collaborated with the Ottoman empire. They were also the place in which corsairs resided

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8
Q

Corsairs

A

Muslim Pirates e.g. Barbarossa

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9
Q

Bureaucracy

A

system of administration

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10
Q

Caballero

A

A knight belonging to the lower nobility

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11
Q

Canon Law

A

The Catholic Church’s laws used to govern the church and its members

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12
Q

Church’s index of forbidden books

A

represents the Church’s list of censored books, works that were considered to contain heretical ideas

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13
Q

Comunidades

A

refers to the communities and towns in castille which played a prominent role in the Comuneros revolt. They united a revolt under a rebel government (the Santa Junta de Comunidad)

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14
Q

Conquistadores

A

Explorers, entrepreneurs and soldiers who sought to conquer territory in the New World, such as Hernán Cortes and Francisco Pizarro

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15
Q

Consulta

A

Reports summarising the discussions of Council meetings, which would be relayed to the monarch

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16
Q

Conversos

A

New Christians, especially Jewish converts to Christianity

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17
Q

Corregidor

A

royal officials in Castilian towns

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18
Q

Defenestrate

A

Throwing an individual out of a window with a view of harming or killing them

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19
Q

Despatches

A

Documents or correspondence between representatives from different territories, especially those composed by ambassadors

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20
Q

Diputación de Reyno

A

The permanent committee of the Aragonses Cortes which oversaw the administration of revenues and promoted the provinces liberties.

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21
Q

Ducats

A

Unit of currency in Castille however accounting was mainly processed in maravedis (1 ducat = 375 maravedis)

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22
Q

Elector

A

The Holy Roman Emperors were elected by seven electors. They were the most politically influential princes within the Empire

23
Q

Encabezamiento

A

System that assessed and organised the collection of taxes within localities

24
Q

Encomienda

A

As applied in the New World, a system whereby some Spanish colonists became the official protectors of large groups of natives in return for tribute, normally in the form of free labour

25
Q

Excusado

A

A tax upon properties in parishes granted by pope Pius V in 1967

26
Q

Galleasses

A

Higher, larger and slower than regular galleys, galleases played a major role in the battle of lepanto on account of their firepower

27
Q

Germanía

A

The brotherhood of rebels in Valencia during the early years of Charles V’s reign

28
Q

Hidalgo

A

Lowest rank of the nobility

29
Q

Janissaries

A

Elite armed forces of the Ottoman empire

30
Q

Juro

A

Fixed sum paid by the crown in repayment of a loan

31
Q

Justiciar

A

The officially appointed legal protector of Aragonese rights and liberties

32
Q

Landgrave

A

Title of the rulers of certain territories within the holy roman empire, roughly equivalent to the count

33
Q

Letrado

A

A lawyer with university degrees in law and 10 years experience

34
Q

Maravedí

A

Unit of currency

35
Q

Mayorazgo

A

Resisting the division of inheritance so that families retained ownership of land

36
Q

Millones

A

A tax on meat, wine, oil and vinegar, voted in 1589 which eventually became permanent

37
Q

Moriscos

A

New Christians, especially Muslims who convert to Christianity

38
Q

Observant Reform

A

Reform of Catholic religious orders, motivated by the goal of returning to, and indeed, observing the original rules of each orders founders

39
Q

Ottomans

A

Rulers and inhabitants of the powerful Muslim empire that stretched around the Mediterranean and into Europe in the Sixteenth century. Constantinople was it’s imperial capital

40
Q

Papal Bull

A

document with the papal seal declaring the commands and policies of the papacy

41
Q

Papal fief

A

territories handed out by the papacy in exchange for loyalty, the provision of funds and the protection of the church

42
Q

Poderes

A

instructions that town representatives were expected to follow

43
Q

Polygot Bible

A

A bible containing side-by-side versions of text in several different languages

44
Q

Prerogative

A

Rights and privileges of a monarch

45
Q

Procurador

A

Urban representatives in the Castilian Cortes

46
Q

Roman Law

A

Codified law originating in ancient Rome that contrasted with local customary rules

47
Q

Sea Beggars

A

Dutch Calvinists who were privateers and opposed spanish rule in the Netherlands

48
Q

Señorío

A

Lordship associated with particular area

49
Q

Subsidies

A

Taxes voted in the Cortes

50
Q

Tercio

A

Elite Spanish regiment that used square formation combining use of arquebuses and pikes

51
Q

Council of Trent

A

Reforming council of the Roman Catholic Church which opened in 1945 and concluded in 1963. The tridentine decrees focused on doctrines and the reform of discipline. In many countries and regions, they took decades to be implemented

52
Q

Tridentine

A

Of or pertaining to the Council of Trent (e.g. decrees of reform)

53
Q

Viceroy

A

Governor of a particular province (e.g. Aragon, Naples and Portugal (later)) to which Spanish rulers delegated their powers

A-level History (14 decks)

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