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History Elizebethan England > The Situation Of Elizebeth's Accession > Flashcards

The Situation Of Elizebeth's Accession Flashcards

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1
Q

What was England like at Elizebeths start?

A

Often violent and dangerous as there was no police or permenat army

There was no equality

Sexist (women wern’t belived to be phycicly, mentaly or emotionaly to govern)

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2
Q

Who was at the top socioty?

First 2?

A

Nobility

Gentry

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3
Q

Who was 3rd in Elizebeth society structure?

A

Yeomen

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4
Q

Who was the 4th layer of Elizebeth heirachy?

A

Tenant Farmers

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5
Q

Who was the 5th layer of Elizebeth heirachy?

A

Landless or labouring poor

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6
Q

Who was the 6th layer of Elizebeth heirachy?

A

Vagrants, homeless

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7
Q

In towns who was at the top of society?

A

Merchents (often they owned a lot of land)

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8
Q

In towns who was 2nd in the social heirachy?

A

Proffesionals like teachers, clergy, doctors and laywers

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9
Q

In towns who was 3rd in the social heirachy?

Explain them?

A

Business owners they are usualy highly skilled craftmen who employ others

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10
Q

In towns who was 4th in the social heirachy?

A

Skilled craftsmen

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11
Q

In towns who was 5th in the social heirachy?

A

Unskilled workers and the unemployed

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12
Q

Which individual was at the very top of the heirachy?

A

The Queen

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13
Q

What % of people worked and lived in the countryside?

A

About 90%

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14
Q

About how mnay members were there in the Privy counsil?

A

About 19

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15
Q

What was the most important authority apart from the queen?

A

The Privy Counsil

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16
Q

What are parliment made out of?

A

The house of Lords and the house of Commons

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17
Q

How many times did Elizebeth 1st called parliament in her reign?

A

10 times

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18
Q

What did each county have?

A

A lord Lieutenant chosen by the monarch

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19
Q

Why were the Lord Lieutenant’s important?

A

If they were on the side of the monarch then the monarch could rule over parts of the country that were far away

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20
Q

What were JP’s?

A

Justices of Peace were land owners who kept law and order in their areaa.

They were unpaid and were a position of status and were therefore very disliked

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21
Q

What was th role of the court?

A

To entertain and advice the monarch

Act as a display of wealth and power

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22
Q

What was the role of the Privy counsil?

A

To debate current ishues and advice the queen

Make sure the monarchs final decisions were carried out

They oversaw local governments and JP’s of England and parliment

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23
Q

What was the role of Parliment?

A

The grant extraordinary taxation (increases taxes in a time of need) especialy war

Pass laws

Offer advice to the government

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24
Q

What was the role of the Lord Lieutenants?

A

They were incharge of raising and training local militia

Part of the local government

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25
Q

What was the role of JP’s?

A

To make sure all government policies were carried out

Heard more serius criminal cases every couple of months

Part of the local government

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26
Q

What was the divine right of kings?

A

The belief that the Monarch was chosen to rule by Fod therefore they can never be wrong/questioned.

Elizebeth belived in his as well as the majority of the country

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27
Q

Because of the divine right of kings what else could Elizebeth do?

A

Declear war and make peace

Call and dismiss parliament

Stop laws from going through

Rule in legal cases

Grant titles land, money and jobs

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28
Q

Who was the secratary of state most of the time under Elizebeth?

A

Sir William Cecil

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29
Q

When did William Cecil stop being the Secratary of State?

A

1573

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30
Q

Why did the monarch need parliment?

A

To raise extraordinary taxation

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31
Q

Some areas, only the monarch had the right to decide upon.

What was this called?

A

Royal prerogative

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32
Q

What did Elizebeth say about royal prergogative matters?

Give some examples?

A

She said it was her duty to stop parliment discussing certian matters.

These included succesion, policy and marriage

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33
Q

In elizebethan house of commons what were there none of?

A

No political parties

No prime minister

34
Q

How were MP’s chosen?

A

Candidates for election were chosen by the Privy counsil

35
Q

What happened to some MP’s?

A

They were sent to the Tower of London even though they said they had free speach

36
Q

What is a legitimate monarch?

A

It mean being born whilst the reigning king and queen were married (in wedlock)

This was nit the case for Elizebeth

37
Q

Who was Elizebeths mother?

A

Anne Boleyn

38
Q

Who was Henry viii first wife?

A

Catherine of Aragon

39
Q

When did Henry viii want to divorce Catherine of Aragon?

A

1533

40
Q

Who was Mary I (Queen of England) mother?

A

Catherine of Aragon

41
Q

Why did Henry divorce Catherine of Aragon?

A

He wanted a male heir as he didn’t think a women would be able to run England

42
Q

What was the English Reformation?

A

When the Pope refused to divorce Henry. Henry split from the Catholic Church and made the Church of England so that he could grant himself a divorce

43
Q

When did Henry viii marry Anne Boleyn?

A

25th January

44
Q

When was Elizebeth born?

A

7th September

45
Q

Why did the English reformation cause a problem for Elizebeth?

A

Commited Catholics saw her as iligitimat as they never recognised the divorce and therefore thought that Elizebeth wasn’t born in wedlock

46
Q

Other than not being born in wedlock why else was Elizebeth seen as iligitimat?

A

After Anne Boleyn was executed

Henry viii said she was iligitimat (however he latter reverced that)

47
Q

When was Anne Boleyn executed?

A

1536

48
Q

What would of been a positive of Elizebeth marrying?

A

Her husband could fufil a military role

Having children would ensure englands future

49
Q

What would be a negative of Elizebeth marrying?

A

Wives were expected to be obediant to their husbands so who would she marry as she was the queen of england

The only man who she could marry would be a foreign prince or king. But he would put his countries needs after englands

50
Q

What were Elizebeths views on marriage?

A

She had no intention of doing it.

She even stopped parliment and the privy council talking about it

51
Q

Who did Elizebeth turn down offers of marriage from?

A

Her brother in law, Phillip of Spain

King Erik of Sweden

The french heir to the throne, The Duke of Alencon

52
Q

What were the dates of Mary 1’s regin?

A

1553-1558

53
Q

How did Mary 1st reign effect England?

A

She allied with Spain in a war against France which they lost

Englands finances were low and there had been some bad harvests
There was also disease, hunger and poverty

Mary married Phillip 1st of Spain which was so unpopular it lead to a rebelion

Mary burned almost 300 people for their religios belives which was unpopular

54
Q

Describe Elizebeth?

A

She was highly inteligent and well educated with a great eye for deatail
She spoke Greek, Latin, French and Italian

She also had experience being a prisioner in the Tower of London

She understood the dangers of politics
She was confident and charismatic

She had a temper that people feared
She was indecisive and took a long time to make her mind up

55
Q

Why and When was Elizebeth held in the Tower of London

A

In 1554 on suspicion of treason

56
Q

Why did Elizebeth often frustrate the privy council?

A

She was indecisive and took a long time to make uo her mind

57
Q

What did Elizebeth do with her mother?

A

She campaigned to make her remembered in a positive way. To try and make public oppinion like her

58
Q

Why was England in trouble when Elizebeth became queen?

A

They were £300,000 in debt (in 1558 currency)

As has been fighting costly laws

59
Q

What was the total income of the crown in 1558?

A

£286,667

60
Q

How could the crown raise money?

A

Renting their land
Taxes
Special additional taxes
Profits of justice (fines ect from crime)
Loans (sometimes loans were forced meaning they were cumpulsory and never repaid

61
Q

What does debasement mean?

A

The government reduced he amount of silver in each coin.

It made the coin kess valuable

62
Q

Why did Elizebeth need money?

A

To deffend England
To try and regain Calais
Ruling effectivly needed money
It would probaly make her more popular if she got England power (money)

63
Q

Were taxes popular?

A

No

64
Q

Whta were France like in the start of Elizebeths reign?

A

Wealthier and more powerful, Larger population

It was a traditional enemy of England and a traditional ally of Scotland

65
Q

What was the allyship between France and Scotland called?

A

The Auld Alliance

66
Q

What was the relationship between Elizebeth and Mary?

A

Second Cousins (grand daughters of Henry VIII sister)

This ment she had a strong claim to the English throne

67
Q

Who was Mary Queen of Scotts married to?

A

Francis, heir to the French throne (King Francis II’

68
Q

When did Mary become queen of France?

A

1559

69
Q

What did Mary, Queen of Scotts do after Mary, Queen of England died?

A

She declared herself the legitimet Catholic claiment to the English throne

70
Q

What type of people wanted Mary Queen of Scotts as Queen?

A

English Catholic

71
Q

Describe Scotland and it’s English boarder?

A

Scotland was a traditional enemy of England

The border (correct spelling) was remote and hard to defend
It saw constant fighting and raids

In 1558 There was French troops stationed in France

72
Q

Who was ruling Scotland in 1558?

A

Mary, Queen of Scotts (Mary of Guise) was ruling for her daughter

73
Q

Since when did England own Calais?

A

England had help the port of Calais since 1347

74
Q

Why was Calais useful?

A

It was used as a military base

It was an important trading port

75
Q

What happened relating Calais in 1550s

A

England (under rule of Mary (Queen of England)) sided with Spain in a war against the French which ended in deffet

76
Q

When did the Anglo-French war end?

A

1559

77
Q

What was the treaty called that ended the Anglo-French called?

A

Cateau-Cambrésis

78
Q

What did the War with France achieve?

A

They lost the port of Calais

79
Q

Why did Elizebeth want to regain Calais?

A

It would make her popular
It would let her claim glory over past monarchs
It was an important part of Elizebeths foreign policy

If she was popular then it would make her position more secure

80
Q

Why was Elizebeth concerned with France and Spain?

A

They were both roman catholic countries whilst England was a protestant country

81
Q

How were Protestants different from Catholics?

A

They were christians however they didn’t accept the pope as their leader and they didn’t agree with some catholic teachings eg mass in Latin

History Elizebethan England (12 decks)

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