Plots And Revolts At Home Flashcards
1
Q
What was happening to catholic after 1569?
Why?
A
They were increasingly becoming under suspisiondue to the Revilt of the Northern earls (1569)
2
Q
What happened in 1570?
A
The pope called for England’s Catholics to overthrow Elizebeth
3
Q
What were the 4 main threats Elizebeth faced in the start of the 1570s
A
Englihs Catholics
Mary, Queen of Scots
Spain
The Dutch Revolt
4
Q
Since when were Catholic priests being smiggled into England?
A
1574
On a larger scale than normal
5
Q
What centered around Mary, Queen of Scots?
A
Almost all plots to depose Elizebeth
6
Q
Desscribe Mary’s family?
A
Family of Guise
French and very powerful
7
Q
What did Mary queen of scots family make?
A
They formed the Catholic League against Protostantism
8
Q
Describe Soains leader?
A
Phillip II
Strick Catholic and wanted to destroy protostantism
9
Q
Why was Spain a growing empire?
A
Because of the Americas and trade
10
Q
How did Phillip show that he wanted to destroy protostantism?
A
Spainsh Inquesition. Persecuting Dutch protostants.
11
Q
When did the Dutch Revolt start?
What happened?
A
Started in 1566
In 1567 a large Spanish army was in the Netherlands whcih could of been used to invade England
12
Q
Why did the Majority if the north remian loyal to catholism?
A
It was far away from London
13
Q
When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
1569
14
Q
Why did the northern earls revolt in 1569
A
The earls wanted catholism restored as they had lost a great amount of wealth, power and influence under Elizebeth. Also thay would have felt very strongly about it as relogion was a central part to Elizebethen life.
Elizebeth refused to name an heir making Englands future uncertian. There was a good Replacement (Mary, Queen of Scots) who was in Captivity
15
Q
Who were the main people involved in the Recolt of the Northern Earls?
A
Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk Mary, Queen of Scots Jane Neville Ann Percy
16
Q
Who was the Earl of Northumberland?
A
Thomas Percy
17
Q
Who was the Earl of Westmorland?
A
Charles Neville
18
Q
Who was the Dule of Norfolk?
A
Thomas Howard
19
Q
What was Thomas Percy’s part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
Was Catholic. Lost power under Elizebeth. He lost the rite to newly discovered valuable copper mines to the queen in 1567
20
Q
What was Charles Neville’s part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
From an important Catholic family
Was also the Duke or Norfolk’s brother in law
21
Q
What was Thomas Howard’s part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
Was a protostant and was one of England’s most senior nobles. He disliked new commers liek Cecil and the Earl of Leicester. He latter backed down and urged the Earls to call of the plan
22
Q
What was Mary, Queen of Scots part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
Met the Duke of Norfolk once. She was going to marry the Duke of Norrolk and perhaps get the English crown
23
Q
What was Jane Neville’s part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
Wife of the Earl of Westmorland and the Duke of Norfolk’s sister. She encouraged her husband to do the coup possible because if the rebellion sucseeded she would become the sister in kaw to the queen of England
24
Q
What was Ann Percy’s part in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
A
She encouraged her husband (Thomas Percy) in the rebellion
25
Whatndid Elizebeth hope would happen to Catholism?
Hopefully it would die out
26
When did Mary, Queen of Scots come to England
1568
27
When, who and of where did Elizebeth appoint the new archbishup?
Durham in 1561
James Pilkinton
28
What did James Pilkinton do?
he was now the most important clergy man in the north although he was very unpopular and only succeded in turning many northerners against England's new religion
29
Why did most Catholic Earls want Entpgland to be Catholic?
They had lost a lot of influence like in the court, wealth, general influence
30
Who did Elizebeth put in charge of protecting the Scottish boarder?
Who did this anger?
Sir John Forster
The earl of Northumberland saw this as the Queen undermiming him
31
Why did the Earl of Northumberland dislike the Queen?
She didn't give hom the job of looking after the Scottish boarder
Also Cecil saw him as a threat (probaky adviced the Queen against him)
32
What may happen if Elizebeth didn't name an heir?
Why was this likley?
England would be thrown into confusion, possible civil war which would weaken Englands possition in the world
This was increasignly likey because her refused to Marry and therefore would have no children and she wouldn't name an heir
33
How way Mary involved in the Revolt of the Northern earls?
It started as a plan to marry the Duke of Norfolk
She was going to marry the Duke of Norfolk and possible become the next Queen (or be named as the heir)
34
Why would Mary marring the Duke of Norfolk solve the problem of Englands religion staying protostant?
Duke of Norfolk is protostant therefore any children would also be protostant (as he was the man of the family)
35
What was the aim of The Duke of Norfolk marrying Mary?
To get Elizebeth to name her as her heir and for her chikdren to be the next protostant monarch of England
36
Why did many of the people involved in the early stages of the Revolt of the Northern Earls get cold feet?
The marriage of nobility people needed consent from the Wueen
Elizebeth made it coear thst thematter of succession was a matter of royal perogative
The Duke of Norfolk was simpathetic to Catholics
37
What is it called when the monarch says that a matter shouldn't be discussed by the people/government/privy counsil?
Royal prerogative
38
How was Spain going to help with the Revolt of the Northern earls?
A letter from the Spanish Ambasidor showed that Mary would recieve help from Spainish troops
39
When and by whom was Elizebeth informed of the plot?
September 1569 by Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester
40
Robert Dudly's title?
Correct spelling
the Earl of Leicester
| No capital for the t of the
41
What was the plan for the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland would raise army's and take controll of Durham
They would then mark to London and join the Duke of Norfolk
Several thousand Spanish troops would arrive in Hartpool to support the rebel's
They would overthrow the government and Elizebeth
Mary, Queen of Scots is freed, marrys the Duke of Norfolkand takes the English crown
42
What happened once Elizebeth knew of the plot?
She arrested the Duke of Norfolk on the 1st Novermber 1569 and sent him to the tower of London
43
What did the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland do once they hurd of Nordolks arrest?
With the support of their wives they became desperate and started the revolt
44
What happened on the 14th Novemeber?
James Pilkinton fled south
The rebels took controll of Durham p, destroyed evidence of Protostantism and celebrated Catholic mass (over the next fortnight may places held Catholic masses across the north east)
45
What happened after the fall of Durham?
The rebels moved south holding banners with religious symbols
Mary Queen of Scots was moved south to Coventry
46
Why did the Revolt of the Northern Earls fail?
Spainsh troops never arrived
Elizebeth raised an army of 14,000 men to fight the rebelion
47
When did Durham fall?
14th November
48
How many rebels were executed?
Where and why?
About 450
throught towns and fillages over northern England. To terrery the population into not doing it again
49
What happened to Westmorland?
He escaped
50
What happened to Northumberland?
Was captured and executed in York 1572
51
What happened to the body of Northumberland?
Hos head was put on the coty gates
52
What happened to Norfolk?
Arrested in 1st Novemeber. Privy counsil called for her execution but Elizebeth refused
53
Why couldn't Elizebeth executed Mary, Queen of Scots?
It would imply that it was ok to overthrown an annointed monarch
54
What frustrated the privy counsil a lot?
Elizebeth's reluctance to deal with Mary, Queen of Scots
Elizebeth not naming a heir
55
What did the pope do after the failed invasion?
When?
197
| Ishied a paper bull that called on loyal catholics to depose her
56
When did the Earl of Westmorland escape to Scotland?
19th December
57
When did the rebels take a castle in Durham?
Which castle?
14th December
Barnard Castle
58
When did the Rebellion start?
How?
9th November
At midnight bells were rung in the Earls of Northumberland's residence
59
Who raised an army to deffet the rebellion?
What happened?
The Earl of Sussex
He send a letter on the 16th November saying that he is having trouble raising an army
60
When did the Earl of Sussex start to raise an army?
13th November
61
What happened on the 16ty December 1569?
14,000 men (queen's army)
| Reach the river tees and the rebel force of 5,400 flee
62
When did some rebels divert to capture Hartpool but Soanish troops don't arive?
30th November
63
By 22nd November...
All pf northern England east of the Pennines as far as Braham Moor is controlled by the rebells
64
When did the Government pass an act widening the deffenition of treason?
April 1571
65
What was the deffenition of treason too?
It was now treason to claim Elizebeth was a heretic, was not the queen or to bring in or print papal bulls into England
66
What was the significance of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
It was the first and most serious rebellion bu English Catholics
Treason laws because higher
It ended the power of the families of Neville and Percy
It prompted harsher treatment of Catholics
The pope sent a papal bull to Elizebeth
Catholism remained strong in the North of England
67
Who was the pope who send a papal bull to England?
Pius VI
68
Who did Elizebeth send to the North of England after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
When?
Why?
1572
Earl of Huntingdon
He was in charge if the Counsil of the North.
69
What did the Counsil of the North?
Why?
implemented laws against catholics and effectily supressed Catholism. Catholism remianed strong in the North
The North was far from London and was unstable and was subject form Scottish raids
70
What effect did Pius' VI papal bull have?
It put all catholics under suspect.
It is now impossible to support the pope and the Queen
71
What happened in 1571
The Ridolfi plot
72
When was the Ridolfi plot?
1571
73
Who was Roberto Ridolfi?
An Italian banker from Florence who was living in Englnad
He was one of the Pope's spies
74
What was Ridolfi's plan?
A plot to murder Elizebeth, launch a Spanish invasion and but Mary Queen of Scotts on the throne
Mary would marry the Duke of Norfolk
75
What did Ridolfi do in March 1571?
He left England to talk with the Duke of Alba (the the Nertherlands) about Spanish support
76
Did The Duke of Alba say he would send Spanish support to the help the Ridolfi plan?
Ridolfi has a letter signed by the Duke of Norfolk declaring he was a Catholic and would lead the rebellion if Phillip II supported it
Phillip told Alba to prepeare 10,000 men if necesary
77
Who uncovered the Ridolfi plot?
| When?
Cecil by the autum of 1571
| He also had letters (in code) proving Riddolfi was guilty of high treason
78
What happened to Ridolfi?
He never returned to England after the plot was discovered
79
What happened to the Duke of Norfolk after the Ridolfi plot?
In May 1572 his death warent was signed (parliament also wanted Mary to be executed but Elizebeth refused)
He was executed in June 1572
80
When was the Duke of Norfolk executed?
June 1572
81
What was the Ridolfi plot significant?
As it came soon after the Papal bull excommunicating Elizebeth it reinforced the Catholic threat
Made Elozebeth concurned about the Duke of Alba's presence in the Netherlands
Elozebeth persued better relations with France in case of war with Spain
82
Since when were priests being smuggled into England?
1574
83
What was a risk of being a catholic priest in 1574?
If they were found they could be hung drawn and quatered
84
What was a priest hole?
Somewhere for a priest to hide if the house got raided
85
What haopened in 1581?
Parliament passed 2 laws against Catholics
Recusanrs would be finned £20
Attempting to convert people to Catholism was now treason
86
When was the Throckmorton plot?
1583
87
What was the Throckmortons plot's plan?
Who supported these plans?
The Duke of Guise (Mary's cousin would invade England, overthrown Elizebeth and restore Catholism in England
Whilst Phillip II would provide financial support
The pope know of and agreed with the plans
88
Who was Throckmorton?
A young English man who was a messanger between Mary and Spain
89
Who was Elizebeths secretary of stae at the Time of the Trockmorton plot?
From when?
What did he do?
Sir Francis Walsingham from 1573
He discovered the plot when his agents found incrimidating evidence at Throckmortons house
90
What happened to Throckmorton?
He was captured in November 1583
He was torchered, conffesed and executed in May 1584
91
When was Theockmorton executed?
May 1584
92
What was the significance of the Throckmorton plot?
It emohasised the threat of catholics
It emphasised the threat of a joined French, Spainsh attack
Many catholic fleed from England becuase theu were increasingly under great suspision
Up to 11,000 Catholic were under arrest or kept under house arrest
93
What did Walshingham's spies find in Theockmortons house?
A lost of Catholic symphasisers in England
This suggested that the Governemnts fear of "the enemy within" was real
94
What haopened in 1585
Parlimant passed another act saying that helping/aiding a catholic priest was punishable by death
95
When was the Babington plot?
1586
96
What was the plan of the Babington plot?
Murder of Elizebeth
English Catholics would rebel against protostantism
Duke of Guise (French) would invade with 60,000 men and put Mary, Queen of Scotts on the throne
97
Who supported the Babington plot?
Phillip II and the pope
98
Who was Babington?
Anthony Babington was a Catholic with links with France
He sent a letter to Mary, Queen of Scotts in July 1586 about the plot but it was intercepted by Walshingham
99
What happened to the Babington plot?
The leteters were intercepted between Babington and Mary
Once Walshington decifered the code and had enoigh evidence he arrested the 6 Catholics ready to assasionate Elizebeth as well as Babington and his accomplais
100
What haooened to Babington?
He and his accumplaces were hung drawn and quatered
101
What haopened in Octeber 1586?
Mary was tried by the Privy counsil and was found guilty and sentenced to death
102
When was Mary's death warrent signed?
Febuary 1587
103
When was Mary executed?
8th Febuary
104
What was the significance of the Babington plot?
The governemnt because determined to crush catholism
There were mass arrests of recusants
300 executions (in the north of Englnad alone) 31 priest were killed
Mary's execution eneded plots which wanted her on the throne
105
What act was passed in 1585?
What did this do?
Act of the preservation of the Queen's saftey
Said that in the Event of Elizebeth's assasonation Mary woudl be barred from the succesion
106
What was another reason for Mary's execution?
By 1585 it was clear Spain was planning to invade England
In January 1587 there were rumers that Spain had lande troops in Wales and that Mary had escaped. This made her threat greater
107
What was the significance of Mary's death?
It removed an important threat to Elizebeth
The execution gave Phillip another reason to invade England (although he had already decided to)
Upon Mary's death she gave her claim to the throne to Phillip II
108
When did Walshingham become the secratary of state?
1573
109
Hiw was Walshingham inovative?
He used spies both in England and abroad
Some spies were specialy trained agents whilst others were just paid for info
He used ciphers to encode letters
He didn't like using torcher because he thought it got the victums sympathy
110
How many agents did Walshingham have in french towns?
In 12 different towns
111
How many agents did Walshingham have in german towns?
9 towns
112
How many agents did Walshingham have in spanish towns?
4
113
How many agents did Walshingham have in itlaian towns?
3
114
Where did Walshingham have spies?
```
England
France
Germnay
Spain
Italy
Algiers
Tripoli
Istanbul
```
115
Who was John Hart?
A Catholic priest who offered his services (as a spy) in return for a pardon whislt he was being held in the Tower of London in 1581
116
In 1580 what happened in the Tower of London?
At least 6 priests were captured, convicted and executed
117
What was an agent provateur?
An agent who became part of a froup of wrongdoing to encoirsge members to commit crimes so that they could be arrested and convicted
118
Who did Walshingham spy on?
Everyone
Even nobility eas routienly spied upon
