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Molecules and Cells BDS1 > The Significance of pH > Flashcards

The Significance of pH Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of buffers?

A

Maintain pH of body within normal pH ranges, ensure enzymes and other cellular processes function optimally

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2
Q

What are the two types of buffers?

A

Inorganic (phosphate and bicarbonate) and macromolecules (amino acid side chains)

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3
Q

What are the ionic properties of acids and bases influenced by?

A

Hydrogen ion concentration

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4
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

pH=-log10[H+]

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5
Q

What happens when acids dissociate?

A

Release hydrogen ions

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6
Q

What is an acid?

A

Substance which in water tends to produce hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What is a base?

A

Substance which in water tends to combine with hydrogen ions

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8
Q

What is an equilibrium reaction made up of?

A

Hydrogen ion donor (acid) and an acceptor (base)

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9
Q

What does the equilibrium ensure?

A

That the concentrations of hydrogen ions and base ions is constant to acid ions

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10
Q

What is the acid dissociation constant equation?

A

Ka = [H+][B-]/[A]

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11
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH=pKa + log10[B-]/[A] where pKa = -log10Ka

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12
Q

What happens when H+ increases?

A

Ka also increases

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13
Q

What happens when the acid is stronger?

A

The Ka is larger and the pKa is smaller

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14
Q

What equation shows the degree of dissociation?

A

pH = pKa + log10 [In-]/[HIn]

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15
Q

How is the ratio of [In-]/[HIn] determined?

A

It is determined by the pH

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16
Q

What methods can be used to determine pH?

A

Indicators and electrical methods e.g. pH meters

17
Q

What is the action of oral buffers?

A

Limit pH changes due to acid production by plaque bacteria

18
Q

When is buffering most effective?

A

When [A]=[B-] or when half dissociated (at their pKa)

19
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Saliva acts as a buffer and neutralises the acid produced preventing dental caries

20
Q

What are the important buffers in saliva?

A

Bicarbonate, histatins due to histidine content

21
Q

What does plaque bacteria do?

A

ferment dietary carbohydrate to produce acid causing plaque pH to fall leading to increases solubility of dental enamel which results in dental caries

Molecules and Cells BDS1 (13 decks)

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