Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are enzymes

A

biological catalysts

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2
Q

how do enzymes affect the equilibrium?

A

enzymes do not alter the equilibrium but they accelerate the time to reach equilibrium

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3
Q

what is the only enzyme that is not a protein?

A

ribozymes

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4
Q

what is enzyme activity of proteins dependent on?

A

their 3D structure

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5
Q

what is enzyme activity affected by?

A

temperature and pH

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6
Q

what is standard free energy change?

A

difference between energies of reactants and products

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7
Q

what is the activation energy?

A

the energy input required to initiate reaction

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8
Q

what does an increase in enzyme concentration do?

A

increases the reaction rate

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9
Q

what is the Vmax?

A

maximum rate of reaction

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10
Q

what is the Km?

A

concentration of substrate at which the rate of reaction is half its maximum value

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11
Q

comment on irreversible inhibitors

A

damage enzymes beyond repair. generally cause covalent modification of the enzyme

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12
Q

comment on reversible inhibitors

A

full enzyme activity is regained when the inhibitor is removed. most natural enzyme inhibitors fall into this category

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13
Q

what is feedback inhibition

A

when the product of a metabolic pathway builds up in the cell, inhibition of the pathway often occurs because the product of the pathway acts as a inhibitor of an earlier step in the pathway

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14
Q

what is a competitive inhibitor

A

substrate and inhibitor compete for same active binding site. inhibition can be reversible with large quantities of substrate

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15
Q

what is a non-competitive inhibitor

A

binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. structurally unrelated to substrate. inhibition cannot be reversed by adding large quantities of substrate

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