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BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy > The Shoulder > Flashcards

The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Is the shoulder joint stable?

A

No

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2
Q

What is the shoulder region?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Head of the humerus

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3
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

Skeletal framework of the shoulder:

Clavicle and scapula

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4
Q

What is the shoulder joint propper?

A

Specific joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

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5
Q

Where in the arm does the major nerves and vessels lie?

A

In the axilla (armpit)

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6
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The joint between the acromium of the scapula and the clavicle

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7
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

The joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

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8
Q

What is the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb?

A

The clavicle

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9
Q

What is the difference between the sternoclavicular side of the clavicle and the acromioclavicular side?

A

Sternoclavicular side is flattened

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10
Q

How can you tell which side of the clavicular is inferior?

A

Inferior side is roughened and has depressions for vessels etc

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11
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint unstable?

A

The head of the humerus is larger than the glenoid fossa

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12
Q

What are the 3 angles of the scapula?

Where are these positioned?

A

Superior (top of the scapula - furthest from glenohumeral joint)

Inferior (point at the bottom of the scapula)

Lateral (nearest to the glenohumeral joint)

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13
Q

What are the anterior features of the scapula?

Describe them

A

1) Acromion process
Highest point of the scapula (spine arches over the glenohumeral joint)

2) Coracoid process
‘Beak like’
Lies underneath the clavicle

3) Subscapular fossa

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14
Q

What are the posterior features of the scapula?

Describe them

A

1) Scapula spine
Runs transversely and ends in the acromion process

2) Supraspinous fossa
Above the scapula spine

3) Infraspinous fossa
Below the scapula spine

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15
Q

What can the anterior of the scapula also be called?

A

The costal side

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16
Q

What is the supraglenoid fossa?

What muscle attaches to this?

A

Roughening of the scapula
Superior to the glenoid fossa

Long head of the Biceps Brachii attach here

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17
Q

What is the infraglenoid fossa?

What muscle attaches to this?

A

Roughening of the scapula
Inferior to the glenoid fossa

Long head of the Triceps Brachii

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18
Q

What are 8 features of the humerus?

Describe them

A

1) Head - points upwards and backwards

2) Antatomical neck
Just below the head - separating it from the tubercles

3) Surgical neck
Below the tubercles

4) Greater tubercle
Large, lateral and superior

5) Lesser tubercle
Small, medial and inferior

6) Inter-tubercular groove
Seperates the greater and lesser tubercles

7) Radial groove
POSTERIORLY
Runs diagonally

8) Deltoid tuberocity

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19
Q

How can you side a humeral bone?

A

Intertubercular groove is anterior
Radial and coronoid fossa anterior

Olecranon fossa posterior

Radial groove posterior

20
Q

What can the inter-tubercular groove also be called?

A

The bicipital groove

21
Q

What runs in the radial groove?

A

The radial nerve

22
Q

What runs in the bicipital/inter-tubercular groove?

A

The tendon of the biceps brachii

23
Q

What splits 2 of the 3 heads of the triceps?

A

The radial groove

24
Q

Where does the deltoid tuberocity lie on the humerus?

A

Laterally

25
Q

Which muscle attaches to the middle of the bicipital groove?

How?

A

Lat dorsi

Goes THROUGH the armpit

26
Q

Which muscle attaches to the GREATER (more lateral) side of the bicipital groove?

A

Pec major

27
Q

Which muscle attaches to the LESSER (more medial) side of the bicipital groove?

A

Teres major

28
Q

What is dynamic stability and how is this acheived?

A

Stability when moving the arm

By ACTIVE COMPRESSION (pushing the head of the humerus into the glenoid fossa)

And by muscles and proprioception

29
Q

What is static stability and how is this acheived?

A

When the limb is at the far end of movement

Glenohumeral ligaments (joint capsule)

Labrum

30
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

Thin membrane SURROUNDING the glenohumeral joint (glenoid fossa and head of the humerus)

Provides a small amount of stability

31
Q

What is the laburm in the glenohumeral joint?

What does this do?

A

Fibrous cartilage which sits on the lip of the glenohumeral joint to increase the surface area of where the head of the humerus fits

32
Q

How much does the labrum contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint?

A

20%

33
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Moving the limb in a circle movement

Includes:

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
34
Q

How is the scapula stabilised?

A

By muscles originating from the trunk

35
Q

What allows the wide range of movements by the humerus?

A

The scapula

36
Q

What is depression?

A

Lowering the shoulders

37
Q

What is extension?

A

Raising the shoulders

38
Q

What is retraction?

A

Move scapula posteriorly and medially (towards spine)

39
Q

What is protraction?

A

Move scapula anteriorly and laterally (away from spine)

40
Q

What are the ROTATOR CUFF muscles?

A

1) Subscapularis
2) Supraspinatous
3) Infraspinatous
4) Teres MINOR

41
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Stabilise the joint and move the arm

42
Q

Where do ALL of the rotator cuff muscles insert?

A

Onto the GREATER TUBEROCITY of the humerus

43
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles contribute to LATERAL rotation of the humerus?

A

Infraspinatous and teres minor

44
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles contribute to MEDIAL rotation of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

45
Q

What does the rotator cuff muscle, the supraspinatous do?

A

Abducts the arm for the first 15˚ before the deltoid takes over

BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy (13 decks)

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