The pelvis Flashcards
What is the blood supply to the female genitalia?
1) Common iliac artery
Branches into vaginal and uterine arteries
2) Gonadal (ovarian) arteries
What is the blood supply to the female rectum?
Superior rectal artery (from the inferior mesenteric artery)
What is the median sacral artery?
A direct branch from the posterior aorta
What are the ligaments of the female pelvis?
1) Broad ligament
2) Ovarian ligaments
3) Suspensory ligaments
4) Round ligaments
5) Cardinal/transverse ligaments
6) Uterosacral ligaments
7) Pubocervical ligaments
What is the function of the uterosacral and the pubocervical ligaments?
To support the uterus
What does the transverse/cardinal ligament house?
The uterine artery and vein
What is the broad ligament and what does it contain?
Folds of peritoneum
Contains the ovarian ligament and the round ligament, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
What does the suspensory ligament do?
Holds the ovaries to the lateral body wall
What does the ovarian ligament do?
Join from the ovaries to the lateral side of the uterus
What does the round ligament do? Travel?
Function?
Travel through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal to the labia majora - to maintain anterversion of the uterus during pregnancy
What are the remains of the gubernaculum in females?
Round ligament and ovarian ligament
What is the ‘vulva’?
The external genitalia of the female
What is the ‘mons pubis’?
The fatty portion of the vulva at the anterior
Covered in pubic hair
What is the ‘labia majora’ and ‘labia minora’?
Majora - outside, covered in pubic hair, joins from mons pubis to rectum
What is the vestibule?
Area between the labia minora
What is the prepuce of the vagina formed from?
The labia minora
What is the relations of the vagina?
Anterior: bladder and urethra
Posterior: Rectum and anus
Where does the uterus lie with respect to the bladder?
Above it
What is the position of the uterus in the body?
Anteroverted wrt the vagina
Anteroflexed wrt the cervix
What happens during pregnancy?
The uterus gets bigger - compressing the bladder (urinate more frequenty) and compressing the rectum (harder to excrete)
What is the course of the right uterer?
1) Posterior to duodenum
2) Crossed by branches of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to right common iliiac
What is the course of the left ureter?
1) Runs laterally to the inferior mesenteric vessels
2) Crossed by vessels of the INFERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to left common iliac
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
Through the urethral openings of the trigone
What are the parts of the bladder?
Apex (anterior and superior)
Body
Fundus
Neck (posterior and inferior)
In males, where is the bladder positioned?
Neck is fused to the prostate
Where in females, is the bladder positioned?
On the pelvic floor
What are the relations of the bladder in females?
Pubic synthesis
Vagina
Pelvic floor
What are the relations to the bladder in the male?
Pubic synthesis
Rectum
Prostate
What are the differences between male and female ureters?
Males are longer and have 4 parts
What is inguinal canal?
The pathway taken by the testes as the gubernaculum shortens in development
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament
What forms the inguinal ligament?
Rolling up of the external oblique aponeurosis
What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique
What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Internal oblique
Aponeurosis of the external obliques
What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
What does the inguinal canal contain?
Males - spermatic cord
Females - round ligament
Sensory nerves
What does the gubernaculum become in males?
Scrotal ligament
What does the gubernaculum become in females? Why?
Ovarian ligament and round ligament
Gubernaculum is connected to ovaries and labia majora
What is a direct hernia?
Hernia through the posterior wall
What is an indirect hernia?
Intestines through inguinal canal
What is the blood supply to the penis?
1) Bulbourethral arteries
2) Internal pudendal artery (from INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY)
What is the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis?
How can you tell the difference between the 2?
Erectile tissue of the penis
Corpus spongiosum is contains the ureter and lies beneath to CC
Corpus cavernsoa is paired
What division of the nervous system is for erection?
Parasympathetic (point)
What division of the nervous system is for ejaculation?
Sympathetic (shoot)
What is the blood supply to the rectum?
Superior rectal arteries (branches from the inferior mesenteric artery)
What is the glans of the penis?
The head
What is the prepuce of the penis?
The foreskin
What is the tunica albagenia in the penis?
Surrounds each capsule of corpus carnevous body
What does the spermatic cord contain?
Veins
Arteries
Nerves
Ducts
What ducts are contained within the spermatic cord?
Lymph vessels
Ductus deferens
What does the ductus deferens do?
Take sperm from the epididymis in the testicle to the ejaculatory gland
Anything contained within the spermatic cord is also contained in what? How?
In the inguinal canal
As the inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord
Where is the inuguinal ligament to/from?
Anterior superior iliac spine
Pubic tubercle
Where is the pubic tubercle?
Either side of the pubic synthesis
What is the tunica vaginalis?
Double layered membrane in the testies which contains a serous fluid and overlays the tunica albuginea (which surounds the testies)
Where does the epidiymis lie?
Posteriorly to testes
What makes sperm?
Seminiferous tubules in the testes
What does the prostate do?
Make proteolytic enzymes which nourish and protect the sperm
What does the seminal vesicles do?
Fuse with the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory gland
Produce 70% volume of the sperm
Nourishment
Where are bulbourethral glands located?
Below the prostate
What are relations to the seminal vesicles?
Bladder
Prostate
Ductus deferens
What do the bulbourethral glands do?
Secrete alkali fluid - flush out the ureter before ejaculation (acidic urine)
