REMEMBER!! (thoratic cage) Flashcards
How do the ribs articulate with the vertebrae?
The head of the rib articulates with the costal facet on the body of the vertebrae (superior and inferior demifacets)
The TUBERCLE of the rib articulates with the transverse costal facet on the transverse process of the vertebrae
How do the vertebrae articulate with each other?
Through articular facets - point upwards
What do the Tubercles of the ribs articulate with?
The Transverse processes of the vertebrae
What are true ribs?
Why are they true?
1-7
They each have their own costal cartiladge
Which ribs are false? Why?
8-10
They each articulate with the costal cartilige of the rib above
Which ribs are floating? Why?
11 and 12 - they bare NO attachment to ANY costal cartiladge
What is the ‘costal groove’ of a rib?
On the bottom of the rib where:
Veins
Arteries
Nerves
Which ribs are atypical and why?
1 - Short and fat, with grooves for the subclavian artery and vein
- Landmarks for muscles
- Only ONE facet on head
2 - Smaller than typical ribs
10- ONE facet on head
11 and 12 - No neck, pointy sternal end, ONE facet on head
Which ribs attach to the manubrium of the sternum?
Rib 1
Where does rib 2 attach to the sternum?
Joint between manubrium and the body (each have 1 demifacet)
Which ribs attach to the inferiror body of the sternum?
6 and 7
What are the notches present on the manubrium?
Jugular notch (superiorly)
Clavicular nothches (paired)
First costal notch
What is the sternal angle and what does it mark?
Where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum (T4/T5)
Marks:
- Where the trachea bifuricates
- Where the aorta branches
- CC 2
- Boundary between the superior and inferior mediastinum
What is pump handle respiration?
Thrust of the sternum
Ribs 2-7 are elevated and everted
What is bucket handle respiration?
Raising the costal margin
Movement of ribs 8-12
What is the order of the contents in the chest?
Veins
Arteries
Tachea
Oesophagus
What are the branches of the superior vena cava?
Azygous vein
Brachiocephalic vein
What are the branches of the brachiocephalic vein?
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
Subclavian vein
What is the origin of the diaphragm?
Xipohoid process
Lower 6 costal cartiladges
What fuses with the central tendon of the diaphragm?
The pericardium - sits directly on top
Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm?
T8
Where does the inferior oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
Where does the inferior descending aorta pierce the diaphragm?
It doesn’t, it passes behind the diaphragm at T12, in the posterior mediastinum
Which pleaura of the lungs hangs down?
The parietal pleaura
What does the vagus nerve supply?
Smooth muscle of the abdominal organs
What does the phrenic nerve supply?
The diaphragm
What is the difference between the pathway of the phrenic nerve and the vagus nerve?
Vagus nerve follows the oesophagus
Pherenic nerve follows the pericardium of the heart
What is the difference between the right and left lungs?
Right has 3 lobes and is slighlty larger
Left has 2 lobes and is smaller
What are the relations of the right lung?
SVC
IVC
Heart
Oesophagus
What are the relations of the left lung?
Aortic arch
Thoratic aorta
Heart
Oesophagus
In the right lung, what is the level of the horizontal fissure?
4th rib
Starts halfway along the oblique fissure
What is another name for the sternal angle?
Angle of Louis
What is another name for the horizontal fissure of the right lung?
Transverse fissure
What are the borders of the heart?
Right to left, top to bottom
UPPER border of 3rd CC
LOWER border of 2nd CC
UPPER border of 6th CC
5th intercostal space
Where does the right atrium receive its blood from?
Coronary sinus
Superior anf inferior VC
Anterior CARDIAC vein
What does the left atrium receive its blood from?
2 x superior pulmonary veins
2 x inferior pulmonary veins
What are the atria separated by and what does this contain?
The inter-atrial septum
Contains the fossa ovalis
What is the fossa ovalis?
A remnant of the foramen ovale (shunts oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the feotus)
Where does the azygos vein run?
Alongside the right of the oesophagus (behind the heart)
From its origin at the superior vena cave
In the foetus, what provides oxygen to the blood?
The PLACENTA (NOT the lungs!!!!)
What is the difference between the right atria in the fetus and after birth?
In the fetus, it recieves OXYGENATED BLOOD from the placenta
After birth, it recives DEOXYGENATED blood from the rest of the body
What are pectinate muscles?
Irregular muscles on the inside of the atria (line the auricles)
What is the cristae terminalis?
A smooth muscle band at the opening of the auricle in the RIGHT atrium
Which atria has a tricuspid and which has a bicuspid valve?
Tricuspid - right
Bicuspid - left
What are trebecular carnae?
Mark the inflow of blood - irregular muscle elevations in the ventricles
What is the moderator band and where is it found?
A projection of the interventricular septum to a papillary muscle at the other side
In the RIGHT ventricle
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus which shuts blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta - to avoid the lungs
Where does the blood from the right ventricle go?
To the lungs via the pulmonary trunk
Where does the blood from the left ventricle go?
To the rest of the body via to aorta
Where does the left atrium recieve its blood from?
4 x pulmonary veins
What gives rise to the coronary sinus?
The aortic sinus (directly above the aortic valve)
What tells you if you have a left dominant or right dominant heart?
Which of the coronary arteries give rise to the posterior interventricular branch
Which coronary artery supplies the front apex of the heart?
Left
Which coronary atery runs in the atrioventricular groove?
Right
