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BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy > Muscles (forearm and hand) > Flashcards

Muscles (forearm and hand) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common origin for the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

What is the common origin for the superficial and muscles of the posteior forearm?

A

Lateral epicondyle (or lateral supracondylar ridge)

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3
Q

Which 2 posterior forearm muscles originate from the lateral supracondylar ridge?

What does this mean?

A

Brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis longus

Means that they cross the elbow and can move it (flex it)

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4
Q

Which muscles insert into the extensor hood?

A
  • EXTENSOR digitorum
  • EXTENSOR indicis
  • EXTENSOR digiti minimi
  • Lumbricals
  • DORSAL interossei
  • PALMAR interossei
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5
Q

What is the difference between the dorsal interossei and palmar interossei?

A 
Dorsal:
Abduction
4 of them
2 muscle bellies 
Middle finger has 2

Palmar:
Adduction 
3 of them
1 muscle belly
Middle finger doesn't have any
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6
Q

What are the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

1) Flexor carpi ulnaris
2) Flexor palmaris longus
3) Flexor carpi radialis
4) Pronator teres

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7
Q

What is the intermediate anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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8
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

1) Flexor digitorum profundus
2) Flexor pollicis longus
3) Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

What is interesting about the flexor palmaris longus?

A

It is absent in 15% of the population

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulna nerve

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11
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle

Coronoid process of the ulna

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform carpal bone (wrist)

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor palmaris longus?

A

Flexor retinaculum of the wrist

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor radialis longus?

A

BASE of metacarpals II and III

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Radius

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16
Q

What happens if the palmaris longus is reflected back?

A

Reveal the median nerve

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17
Q

What does the medial lateral border of the pronator teres form?

A

The medial border of the cubital fossa

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18
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion and adduction of wrist

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19
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexion and abduction of wrist

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20
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus?

A

Flexion of the wrist

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21
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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22
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

2 heads:

1) Medial epicondyle
2) Radius

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Middle phalanx of the metacarpals II-V (fingers)

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24
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flex the wrist, MCP and proximal IP joints

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25
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ulna
26
What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Distal phalanx of metacarpals II-V (fingers)
27
What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Flex the wrist, MCP and proximal and distal IP joints
28
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Lateral half by the median nerve | Medial half by the ulna nerve
29
The tendons of which muscles travel through the carpal tunnel?
4 tendons of FDS 4 tendons of FDP 1 tendon of FPL
30
What is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?
Radius
31
What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?
Distal phalanx of thumb
32
What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of wrist and thumb
33
What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?
Radius
34
What is the action of the pronator quadratus?
Pronate the forearm
35
Out of the deep muscles of the anterior forearm, which is the deepest?
Pronator quadratus
36
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?
1) Brachioradialis 2) Extensor carpi radialis longus 3) Extensor carpi radialis brevis 4) Extensor digitorum 5) Extensor digiti minimi 6) Extensor carpi ulnaris
37
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
1) Supranator 2) Abductor pollicis longus 3) Extensor pollicis longus 4) Extensor pollicis brevis 5) Extensor indicis
38
What is the deepest muscle of the deep layer of the posterior forearm?
Extensor pollicis brevis
39
What is the origin of the brachioradialis?
Lateral supraconylar ridge
40
What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Radius (just above styloid process)
41
What is the action of the brachioradialis?
Flexor of the elbow
42
What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve
43
What is sandwiched between the distal brachioradialis and the deep flexors?
Radial artery and nerve
44
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supercondylar ridge
45
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Metacarpal II
46
What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus AND brevis?
Extend and abduct the wrist
47
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle
48
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Metacarpal III
49
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?
Lateral epiondyle
50
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum?
EXTENSOR HOOD of each finger
51
What is the action of the extensor digitorum?
Extend the MCP and IP of each finger Extend the wrist
52
What is the main extensor of the finger?
Extensor digitorum
53
What is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?
Lateral epicondyle
54
What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?
EXTENSOR HOOD of the little finger
55
What is the action of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extend the little finger - independently of the other fingers
56
What is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle
57
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of metacarpal V
58
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extension and adduction of the wrist
59
What is the origin of the supranator?
2 origins: 1) Lateral epicondyle 2) Ulna
60
What is the insertion of the supranator?
Radius
61
What is the action of the supranator?
Supranate the forearm
62
What is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?
Interosseous membrane and adjacent radius and ulna
63
What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
Base of metacarpal V
64
What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?
Abduct the thumb
65
Where does the abductor pollicis longus lie in the posterior forearm?
Immediately distal to supranator
66
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Ulna and interosseous membrane
67
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?
Distal phalanx of the thumb
68
What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?
To extend the MCP and IP joint of the thumb
69
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Radius and interosseous membrane
70
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
71
What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extend the MCP joint of the thumb
72
Where is the extensor pollicis brevis found in relation to the flexor pollicis longus?
Deep
73
What is the origin of the extensor indicis?
Ulna and interosseous membrane
74
What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
Extensor hood of the middle finger
75
What is the action of the extensor indicis?
Extend the index finger
76
What muscles are a part of the thenar eminance?
1) Flexor pollicis brevis 2) Abductor pollicis brevis 3) Opponens pollicis
77
What nerve are the muscles in the thenar eminance innervated by?
Median nerve
78
What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis brevis?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
79
What is the insertion of the opponens pollicis?
Metcarpal of thumb
80
What is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flex MCP joint of the thumb
81
What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Abduct the thumb
82
What is the relation of the opponens pollicis in comparison to the other muscles of the thenar eminence?
Deep
83
What is the insertion of the adductor pollicis?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
84
What passes through the 2 heads of the adductor pollicis?
Radial artery
85
What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminance?
1) Abductor digiti minimi 2) Flexor digiti minimi 3) Oponens digiti minimi
86
What is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi?
The proxmial phalanx of the little finger
87
What is the insertion of the opponens digiti minimi?
Metacarpal V
88
What is the origin of the lumbricals?
The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
89
What is the insertion of the lumbricals?
Extensor hood
90
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Flex MCP joint Extend IP joint (of each FINGER)
91
What is the innervation of the lumbricals?
LATERAL 2: Median nerve MEDIAL 2: Ulna nerve
92
What is the origin of the doral interossei?
Medial AND lateral surfaces of the metacarpals
93
What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?
Dorsal hood of each finger (middle finger has 2)
94
What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Abduction of the fingers
95
What is the origin of the palmar interossei?
Medial OR lateral surfaces of the metacarpals
96
What is the insertion of the palmar interossei?
Dorsal hood of finger (not including middle finger)
97
What is the action of the palmar interossei?
Adduction of the fingers
98
How many palmar interossei are there? Dorsal interossei?
Palmar - 3 Dorsal- 4
99
How many muscle bellies do the dorsal interossei have? Palmar?
Dorsal - 2 Palmar -1

BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy (13 decks)

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