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BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy > Muscles (forearm and hand) > Flashcards

Muscles (forearm and hand) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common origin for the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

What is the common origin for the superficial and muscles of the posteior forearm?

A

Lateral epicondyle (or lateral supracondylar ridge)

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3
Q

Which 2 posterior forearm muscles originate from the lateral supracondylar ridge?

What does this mean?

A

Brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis longus

Means that they cross the elbow and can move it (flex it)

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4
Q

Which muscles insert into the extensor hood?

A
  • EXTENSOR digitorum
  • EXTENSOR indicis
  • EXTENSOR digiti minimi
  • Lumbricals
  • DORSAL interossei
  • PALMAR interossei
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5
Q

What is the difference between the dorsal interossei and palmar interossei?

A 
Dorsal:
Abduction
4 of them
2 muscle bellies 
Middle finger has 2
Palmar:
Adduction 
3 of them
1 muscle belly
Middle finger doesn't have any
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6
Q

What are the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

1) Flexor carpi ulnaris
2) Flexor palmaris longus
3) Flexor carpi radialis
4) Pronator teres

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7
Q

What is the intermediate anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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8
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

1) Flexor digitorum profundus
2) Flexor pollicis longus
3) Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

What is interesting about the flexor palmaris longus?

A

It is absent in 15% of the population

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulna nerve

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11
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle

Coronoid process of the ulna

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform carpal bone (wrist)

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor palmaris longus?

A

Flexor retinaculum of the wrist

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor radialis longus?

A

BASE of metacarpals II and III

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Radius

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16
Q

What happens if the palmaris longus is reflected back?

A

Reveal the median nerve

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17
Q

What does the medial lateral border of the pronator teres form?

A

The medial border of the cubital fossa

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18
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion and adduction of wrist

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19
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexion and abduction of wrist

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20
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus?

A

Flexion of the wrist

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21
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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22
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

2 heads:

1) Medial epicondyle
2) Radius

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Middle phalanx of the metacarpals II-V (fingers)

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24
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flex the wrist, MCP and proximal IP joints

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25
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulna

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Distal phalanx of metacarpals II-V (fingers)

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27
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flex the wrist, MCP and proximal and distal IP joints

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Lateral half by the median nerve

Medial half by the ulna nerve

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29
Q

The tendons of which muscles travel through the carpal tunnel?

A

4 tendons of FDS
4 tendons of FDP
1 tendon of FPL

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30
Q

What is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Radius

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31
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of thumb

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32
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of wrist and thumb

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33
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?

A

Radius

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34
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronate the forearm

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35
Q

Out of the deep muscles of the anterior forearm, which is the deepest?

A

Pronator quadratus

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36
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

1) Brachioradialis
2) Extensor carpi radialis longus
3) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
4) Extensor digitorum
5) Extensor digiti minimi
6) Extensor carpi ulnaris

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37
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

1) Supranator
2) Abductor pollicis longus
3) Extensor pollicis longus
4) Extensor pollicis brevis
5) Extensor indicis

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38
Q

What is the deepest muscle of the deep layer of the posterior forearm?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

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39
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supraconylar ridge

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40
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Radius (just above styloid process)

41
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexor of the elbow

42
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

43
Q

What is sandwiched between the distal brachioradialis and the deep flexors?

A

Radial artery and nerve

44
Q

What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supercondylar ridge

45
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Metacarpal II

46
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus AND brevis?

A

Extend and abduct the wrist

47
Q

What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle

48
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Metacarpal III

49
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epiondyle

50
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum?

A

EXTENSOR HOOD of each finger

51
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extend the MCP and IP of each finger

Extend the wrist

52
Q

What is the main extensor of the finger?

A

Extensor digitorum

53
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral epicondyle

54
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

EXTENSOR HOOD of the little finger

55
Q

What is the action of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extend the little finger - independently of the other fingers

56
Q

What is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle

57
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Base of metacarpal V

58
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension and adduction of the wrist

59
Q

What is the origin of the supranator?

A

2 origins:
1) Lateral epicondyle

2) Ulna

60
Q

What is the insertion of the supranator?

61
Q

What is the action of the supranator?

A

Supranate the forearm

62
Q

What is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Interosseous membrane and adjacent radius and ulna

63
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of metacarpal V

64
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abduct the thumb

65
Q

Where does the abductor pollicis longus lie in the posterior forearm?

A

Immediately distal to supranator

66
Q

What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Ulna and interosseous membrane

67
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of the thumb

68
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

To extend the MCP and IP joint of the thumb

69
Q

What is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Radius and interosseous membrane

70
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Proximal phalanx of the thumb

71
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extend the MCP joint of the thumb

72
Q

Where is the extensor pollicis brevis found in relation to the flexor pollicis longus?

73
Q

What is the origin of the extensor indicis?

A

Ulna and interosseous membrane

74
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?

A

Extensor hood of the middle finger

75
Q

What is the action of the extensor indicis?

A

Extend the index finger

76
Q

What muscles are a part of the thenar eminance?

A

1) Flexor pollicis brevis
2) Abductor pollicis brevis
3) Opponens pollicis

77
Q

What nerve are the muscles in the thenar eminance innervated by?

A

Median nerve

78
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Proximal phalanx of the thumb

79
Q

What is the insertion of the opponens pollicis?

A

Metcarpal of thumb

80
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flex MCP joint of the thumb

81
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abduct the thumb

82
Q

What is the relation of the opponens pollicis in comparison to the other muscles of the thenar eminence?

83
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor pollicis?

A

Proximal phalanx of the thumb

84
Q

What passes through the 2 heads of the adductor pollicis?

A

Radial artery

85
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminance?

A

1) Abductor digiti minimi
2) Flexor digiti minimi
3) Oponens digiti minimi

86
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi?

A

The proxmial phalanx of the little finger

87
Q

What is the insertion of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Metacarpal V

88
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

89
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

Extensor hood

90
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex MCP joint

Extend IP joint

(of each FINGER)

91
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

LATERAL 2: Median nerve

MEDIAL 2: Ulna nerve

92
Q

What is the origin of the doral interossei?

A

Medial AND lateral surfaces of the metacarpals

93
Q

What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

A

Dorsal hood of each finger (middle finger has 2)

94
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the fingers

95
Q

What is the origin of the palmar interossei?

A

Medial OR lateral surfaces of the metacarpals

96
Q

What is the insertion of the palmar interossei?

A

Dorsal hood of finger (not including middle finger)

97
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers

98
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

Dorsal interossei?

A

Palmar - 3

Dorsal- 4

99
Q

How many muscle bellies do the dorsal interossei have?

Palmar?

A

Dorsal - 2

Palmar -1

BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy (13 decks)

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