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Exam 3- Anatomy > The Shoulder > Flashcards

The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

types of solid joints

A

fibrous and cartilaginous

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2
Q

fibrous joints composition

A

solid, limited movement

sutures, syndesmoses, composes

develop from cartilaginous (adults)

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3
Q

cartilaginous joint composition

A

synchondroses

symphyses

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4
Q

synovial joints

A

joint capsule
hyaline cartilage
some have articular disc
typically mobile

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5
Q

joint capsule is composed of

A

inner synovial membrane

outer fibrous capsule

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6
Q

3 functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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7
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

joints with little movement

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8
Q

synarthrosis

A

joints with no movement

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9
Q

diarthrosis

A

joints with lots of movement

i.e. synovial joints

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10
Q

nonaxial

A

joint with no axis of movement

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11
Q

uniaxial

A

joint with single axis of movement

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12
Q

biaxial

A

joint with 2 axes of movement

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13
Q

multiaxial

A

> 2 axes of movement

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14
Q

6 joints of the upper limb

A 
acromioclavicular 
glenohumerol (shoulder)
elbow 
radioulnar (proximal)
radioulnar (distal)
sternocalvicular

all are synovial, diarthrotic

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15
Q

acromioclavicular joint

articulating bones

A

acromion process of scapula, clavicle

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16
Q

acromioclavicular joint

structural type

A

synovial, plane

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17
Q

acromioclavicular joint

functional type and movements allowed

A

diarthrotic, gliding and rotation of scapula

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18
Q

scapula and humerus compose which joint

A

shoulder

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19
Q

shoulder joint structural type

A

synovial

ball and socket

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20
Q

movements allowed by shoulder joint

A

multiaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation of humerus/arm

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21
Q

elbow articulating bones

A

ulna and radius with humerus

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22
Q

elbow structural type

A

synovial

hinge

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23
Q

movements allowed by elbow

A

uniaxial

flexion , extension of forearm

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24
Q

what muscles groups are considered shoulder

A

axioappendicular

scapulohumeral

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25
Q

axioappendicular

A

connect axial skeleton to the upper limp

anterior structures of pectoral region
posterior structures of back

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26
Q

scapulohumeral muscles

A

connect scapula to humerus

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27
Q

bursae in the shoulder

A

fluid filled sacks

subacromial
sub deltoid
subcoracoid
subscapular

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28
Q

subacromial bursa

A

space between acromion and supraspinatus tendon

very fragile

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29
Q

sub deltoid bursa

A

between deltoid muscle and joint capsule

very large

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30
Q

subcoracoid bursa

A

between subscapularis muscle and coracoid process

may be fused with sub scapular bursa

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31
Q

which bursae can communicate with each other but not with synovial cavity?

A

subacromial
sub deltoid
subcoracoid

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32
Q

sub scapular bursa

A

between subscapularis muscle and joint capsule

communicates with synovial joint

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33
Q

function of clavicle (big picture)

A

bony link that holds the shoulder to the body

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34
Q

function of the capsule

A

pocked that provides stability

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35
Q

what is a bursa?

A

lubricating sac in synovial joint

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36
Q

what holds the shoulder in place?

A

rotator cuff muscles and tendons

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37
Q

describe the general function of the labrum

A

rim of the cartilage to which the capsule attaches

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38
Q

impingement syndrome

A

clinical syndrome which occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion. This can result in pain, weakness and loss of movement at the shoulder

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39
Q

what tendon is involved in impingement syndrome

A

supraspinatus tendon

can involve subacromial (bursitis)

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40
Q

scapulohumeral musculature

A

attach the scapula to the humerus

move the humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of this joint

innervated by brachial plexus

41
Q

what muscles are scapula humeral

A

deltoid
theres major
rotator cuff muscles

42
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

43
Q

what innervates the deltoid?

A

axillary

44
Q

what innervates the teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

45
Q

what innervates the subscapuaris?

A

upper and lower sub scapular

46
Q

what innervates the supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular

47
Q

what innervates the infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular

48
Q

what innervates the teres mior?

A

axillary

49
Q

proximal attachment of the deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

50
Q

distal attachment of the deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

51
Q

attachment of the deltoid

A

flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus

52
Q

innervation of the deltoid

A

axillary nerve

53
Q

name the four parts of the deltoid

A

clavicular part
posterior part
spinal part
middle part

54
Q

proximal attachment of the teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

55
Q

distal attachment of the teres major

A

medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus

56
Q

actions of the teres major

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus

57
Q

innervation of the teres major

A

lower sub scapular nerve

58
Q

what part of the humerus does the subscapularis attach to?

A

lesser tubercle

59
Q

which muscles rest on the greater tubercle of humerus

A

teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus

60
Q

proximal attachment of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

61
Q

actions of supraspinatus

A

works with deltoid in abduction of humerus

acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

62
Q

distal attachment of supraspinatus

A

superior facet greater tubercle of humerus

63
Q

innervation of supraspinatus

A

supra scapular nerve

64
Q

proximal attachment of subscapularis

A

sub scapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

65
Q

distal attachment of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

66
Q

actions of subscapularis

A

medially routes and adducts humerus

helps hold humeral head into place

67
Q

innervation of subscapularis

A

upper and lower sub scapular nerves

68
Q

which muscle is the largest of the rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis

69
Q

describe subscapularis injuries

A

isolated ones are rare

common sports injuries in pitchers (rotator cuff tendonitis)

can lead to bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis

70
Q

proximal attachment of infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

71
Q

distal attachment of infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

72
Q

actions of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates humerus

helps hold humeral head in place

73
Q

innervation of infraspinatus

A

supra scapular nerve

74
Q

proximal attachment of teres minor

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

75
Q

distal attachment of teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

76
Q

actions of teres minor

A

laterally rotates humerus

helps hold head in place

77
Q

innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

78
Q

greater than 90 degree rotation of humerus causes

A

compression point for supraspinatus tendon causing rotator cuff injury

can tear in elderly

79
Q

what are some activities that can cause injury to rotator cuff

A

repetitive overhead activities

tennis 
swimming 
pitching 
stacking boxes or stocking shelfs
painting 
construction work
80
Q

what are the 2 large arteries that have tributaries providing blood to shoulder and axillary regions?

A

subclavian and axillary artery

subclavian transitions to axillary just below clavicle then axillary translates to brachial

81
Q

origin of subclavian artery

A

right: brachiocephalic trunk
left: aortic arch

82
Q

where does subclavian artery arise? where does it divide?

A

posterior to sternoclavicular joint

at the anterior scalene muscle

83
Q

3 divisions of subclavian artery at anterior scalene muscle

A 
part 1 (medial to ASM)
part 2 (posterior to ASM) 
part 3 (lateral to ASM)
84
Q

thyrocervical arterial trunk divides into (4)

A
  1. transverse cervicle artery
  2. inferior thyroid artery
  3. ascending cervical artery
  4. supra scapular artery
85
Q

transverse cervical artery divides into:

A

superficial and deep branches

may arise independently

86
Q

deep branch of transverse cervical artery is AKA

A

dorsal scapular artery

87
Q

cervicodorsal trunk

A

when superficial and deep branches of t.c.a. arise independently and form an arterial trunk

88
Q

suprascapluar artery

A

travels independently from trunk along superspinatus muscle, travels with nerve

89
Q

where does the subclavian artery become axillary artery?

A

lateral border of first rib

90
Q

what is the blood supply of the pectoral region

A

axillary artery and its branches

91
Q

what are the anastomosing arterial branches of the shoulder? (5)

A
  1. supra scapular artery
  2. dorsal scapular artery
  3. posterior intercostal arteries
  4. circumflex scapular artery
  5. thoracodorsal artery
92
Q

4 named spaces of the shoulder

A
  1. triangle of auscultation
  2. quadrangular space
  3. triangular space
  4. triangular interval

these allow for innervation and blood supply to get in the region

93
Q

triangle of auscultation borders

A

superiorly and medially by trapezius

inferiorly by latissimus dorsi

laterally by medial border of scapula

94
Q

what passes through quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

95
Q

quadrangular space border

A

above: teres minor
below: the teres major
medially: the long head of the triceps brachii
laterally: the surgical neck of the humerus

96
Q

what passes through triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery

97
Q

what passes through triangular interval

A

deep brachial artery and radial nerve

98
Q

what are the borders of the triangle interval

A

teres major - superior

long head of the triceps brachii - medial

99
Q

borders of triangular space

A

Inferior: the superior border of the teres major;
Lateral: the long head of the triceps;
Superior: Teres minor or Subscapularis

Exam 3- Anatomy (13 decks)

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