The Shoulder Flashcards
1
Q
types of solid joints
A
fibrous and cartilaginous
2
Q
fibrous joints composition
A
solid, limited movement
sutures, syndesmoses, composes
develop from cartilaginous (adults)
3
Q
cartilaginous joint composition
A
synchondroses
symphyses
4
Q
synovial joints
A
joint capsule
hyaline cartilage
some have articular disc
typically mobile
5
Q
joint capsule is composed of
A
inner synovial membrane
outer fibrous capsule
6
Q
3 functional classifications of joints
A
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
7
Q
amphiarthrosis
A
joints with little movement
8
Q
synarthrosis
A
joints with no movement
9
Q
diarthrosis
A
joints with lots of movement
i.e. synovial joints
10
Q
nonaxial
A
joint with no axis of movement
11
Q
uniaxial
A
joint with single axis of movement
12
Q
biaxial
A
joint with 2 axes of movement
13
Q
multiaxial
A
> 2 axes of movement
14
Q
6 joints of the upper limb
A
acromioclavicular glenohumerol (shoulder) elbow radioulnar (proximal) radioulnar (distal) sternocalvicular
all are synovial, diarthrotic
15
Q
acromioclavicular joint
articulating bones
A
acromion process of scapula, clavicle
16
Q
acromioclavicular joint
structural type
A
synovial, plane
17
Q
acromioclavicular joint
functional type and movements allowed
A
diarthrotic, gliding and rotation of scapula
18
Q
scapula and humerus compose which joint
A
shoulder
19
Q
shoulder joint structural type
A
synovial
ball and socket
20
Q
movements allowed by shoulder joint
A
multiaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation of humerus/arm
21
Q
elbow articulating bones
A
ulna and radius with humerus
22
Q
elbow structural type
A
synovial
hinge
23
Q
movements allowed by elbow
A
uniaxial
flexion , extension of forearm
24
Q
what muscles groups are considered shoulder
A
axioappendicular
scapulohumeral
25
axioappendicular
connect axial skeleton to the upper limp
anterior structures of pectoral region
posterior structures of back
26
scapulohumeral muscles
connect scapula to humerus
27
bursae in the shoulder
fluid filled sacks
subacromial
sub deltoid
subcoracoid
subscapular
28
subacromial bursa
space between acromion and supraspinatus tendon
| very fragile
29
sub deltoid bursa
between deltoid muscle and joint capsule
very large
30
subcoracoid bursa
between subscapularis muscle and coracoid process
| may be fused with sub scapular bursa
31
which bursae can communicate with each other but not with synovial cavity?
subacromial
sub deltoid
subcoracoid
32
sub scapular bursa
between subscapularis muscle and joint capsule
communicates with synovial joint
33
function of clavicle (big picture)
bony link that holds the shoulder to the body
34
function of the capsule
pocked that provides stability
35
what is a bursa?
lubricating sac in synovial joint
36
what holds the shoulder in place?
rotator cuff muscles and tendons
37
describe the general function of the labrum
rim of the cartilage to which the capsule attaches
38
impingement syndrome
clinical syndrome which occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion. This can result in pain, weakness and loss of movement at the shoulder
39
what tendon is involved in impingement syndrome
supraspinatus tendon
can involve subacromial (bursitis)
40
scapulohumeral musculature
attach the scapula to the humerus
move the humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of this joint
innervated by brachial plexus
41
what muscles are scapula humeral
deltoid
theres major
rotator cuff muscles
42
what muscles make up the rotator cuff
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
43
what innervates the deltoid?
axillary
44
what innervates the teres major?
lower subscapular nerve
45
what innervates the subscapuaris?
upper and lower sub scapular
46
what innervates the supraspinatus?
suprascapular
47
what innervates the infraspinatus?
suprascapular
48
what innervates the teres mior?
axillary
49
proximal attachment of the deltoid
lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
50
distal attachment of the deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
51
attachment of the deltoid
flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus
52
innervation of the deltoid
axillary nerve
53
name the four parts of the deltoid
clavicular part
posterior part
spinal part
middle part
54
proximal attachment of the teres major
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
55
distal attachment of the teres major
medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus
56
actions of the teres major
adducts and medially rotates humerus
57
innervation of the teres major
lower sub scapular nerve
58
what part of the humerus does the subscapularis attach to?
lesser tubercle
59
which muscles rest on the greater tubercle of humerus
teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus
60
proximal attachment of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
61
actions of supraspinatus
works with deltoid in abduction of humerus
| acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint
62
distal attachment of supraspinatus
superior facet greater tubercle of humerus
63
innervation of supraspinatus
supra scapular nerve
64
proximal attachment of subscapularis
sub scapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
65
distal attachment of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
66
actions of subscapularis
medially routes and adducts humerus
| helps hold humeral head into place
67
innervation of subscapularis
upper and lower sub scapular nerves
68
which muscle is the largest of the rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis
69
describe subscapularis injuries
isolated ones are rare
common sports injuries in pitchers (rotator cuff tendonitis)
can lead to bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis
70
proximal attachment of infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
71
distal attachment of infraspinatus
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
72
actions of infraspinatus
laterally rotates humerus
| helps hold humeral head in place
73
innervation of infraspinatus
supra scapular nerve
74
proximal attachment of teres minor
middle part of lateral border of scapula
75
distal attachment of teres minor
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
76
actions of teres minor
laterally rotates humerus
| helps hold head in place
77
innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve
78
greater than 90 degree rotation of humerus causes
compression point for supraspinatus tendon causing rotator cuff injury
can tear in elderly
79
what are some activities that can cause injury to rotator cuff
repetitive overhead activities
```
tennis
swimming
pitching
stacking boxes or stocking shelfs
painting
construction work
```
80
what are the 2 large arteries that have tributaries providing blood to shoulder and axillary regions?
subclavian and axillary artery
subclavian transitions to axillary just below clavicle then axillary translates to brachial
81
origin of subclavian artery
right: brachiocephalic trunk
left: aortic arch
82
where does subclavian artery arise? where does it divide?
posterior to sternoclavicular joint
at the anterior scalene muscle
83
3 divisions of subclavian artery at anterior scalene muscle
```
part 1 (medial to ASM)
part 2 (posterior to ASM)
part 3 (lateral to ASM)
```
84
thyrocervical arterial trunk divides into (4)
1. transverse cervicle artery
2. inferior thyroid artery
3. ascending cervical artery
4. supra scapular artery
85
transverse cervical artery divides into:
superficial and deep branches
may arise independently
86
deep branch of transverse cervical artery is AKA
dorsal scapular artery
87
cervicodorsal trunk
when superficial and deep branches of t.c.a. arise independently and form an arterial trunk
88
suprascapluar artery
travels independently from trunk along superspinatus muscle, travels with nerve
89
where does the subclavian artery become axillary artery?
lateral border of first rib
90
what is the blood supply of the pectoral region
axillary artery and its branches
91
what are the anastomosing arterial branches of the shoulder? (5)
1. supra scapular artery
2. dorsal scapular artery
3. posterior intercostal arteries
4. circumflex scapular artery
5. thoracodorsal artery
92
4 named spaces of the shoulder
1. triangle of auscultation
2. quadrangular space
3. triangular space
4. triangular interval
these allow for innervation and blood supply to get in the region
93
triangle of auscultation borders
superiorly and medially by trapezius
inferiorly by latissimus dorsi
laterally by medial border of scapula
94
what passes through quadrangular space
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
95
quadrangular space border
above: teres minor
below: the teres major
medially: the long head of the triceps brachii
laterally: the surgical neck of the humerus
96
what passes through triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
97
what passes through triangular interval
deep brachial artery and radial nerve
98
what are the borders of the triangle interval
teres major - superior
| long head of the triceps brachii - medial
99
borders of triangular space
Inferior: the superior border of the teres major;
Lateral: the long head of the triceps;
Superior: Teres minor or Subscapularis
