Foot

Question 1

layer one of the foot consists of which muscles

Answer 1

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallicus
abductor digiti minimi

Question 2

layer 2 of the foot consists of which muscles

Answer 2

lumbricals
quadratus plantae
flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus

Question 3

layer 3 of foot has which muscles

Answer 3

flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexor hallucis brevis (w/sesamoids)
adductor hallucis m.
oblique head

Question 4

layer 4 of the foot was which muscles

Answer 4

tibialis posterior
peroneus longus
interossei

Question 5

fascia of the foot

Answer 5

dorsum
sole of foot
plantar aponeurosis

Question 6

dorsum of foot

Answer 6

thin and continuous fascia with extensor retinaculum

Question 7

sole of foot fascia

Answer 7

called plantar fascia

central part thickens to become plantar aponeurosis

Question 8

plantar aponeruosis

Answer 8

consists of longitudinally arranged band of dense connective tissue

arises from calcenous and covered length of sole

divides into 5 bands and helps support the longitudinal foot arch

Question 9

plantar fasciitis

Answer 9

inflammation of plantar aponeurosis at proximal attachment of calcaneus
caused by running, high impact exercise, worn shoes, overweight

may lead to development of bony processes (especially from medial calcaneal tubercle)

Question 10

muscles of the dorsum of foot

Answer 10

extensor hallucis brevis (1st phalanx)
extensor digitorum brevis (2-4 phallanges)

joins long tendons at MP joint

innervation: deep fibular nerve

forms fleshy mass on dorsum of foot

Question 11

sole of the foot muscles

Answer 11

four layers, work as synergists

maintains foot arches and allows us to stand on uneven ground

Question 12

first layer plantar muscles attachments

Answer 12

extend from calcaneus to phalanges

Question 13

quadratus plante

Answer 13

second layer

joins tendons of f.d.l. to calcaneus

assits f.d.l. in flexing lateral four digits

keeps toes strait when flexing

Question 14

second layer of plantar muscles

Answer 14

vascular and nerve layer

also have FHL and FDL tendons but not considered part of these muscles

Question 15

lumbricals

Answer 15

original from F.D.L. tendons
flex MP joint
extend PIP and DIP joints

Question 16

Plantar muscles: third layer attachments

Answer 16

Three short muscles to first and fifth digits (anterior half of foot)

Question 17

adductor hallucis heads

Answer 17

transverse and oblique

Question 18

flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 18

two heads (medial & lateral)

cover plantar surface of first metatarsal

tendons have sesamoid bones

Question 19

function of sesamoid bones of FHB

Answer 19

protect first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking

Question 20

fourth layer of plantar muscles

Answer 20

consists of interossei between metatarsals

three plantar interossei to pull towards 2nd digits

four dorsal interossei pull away from second digit

fibularis longus and tibias posterior tendons in this layer

Question 21

medial plantar nerve supplies which muscles

Answer 21

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorium brevis
medial one lumbrical
flexor hallicus brevis

Question 22

lateral plantar nerve supplies with muscles

Answer 22

abductor digiti minimi 
quadratis plantae
lateral three lumbricals 
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
interossei

Question 23

Terminal branches of which arteries supply the foot?

Answer 23

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 24

arteries in the dorsum of foot

Answer 24

dorsalis pedis

runs anteromedially and divides into arcuate artery and deep plantar artery

Question 25

Arcuate artery

Answer 25

runs laterally across metatarsal bases

gives rise to 2nd to 5th dorsal metatarsal arteries (dorsal digital arteries)

Question 26

Deep plantar artery

Answer 26

passes through first interosseous space and joins lateral planter artery to form the planter arch

gives rise to first dorsal metatarsal artery

Question 27

blood supply of the sole of foot is derived from which artery? divides into?

Answer 27

Derived from posterior tibial artery

Divides tomedial and lateral plantar arteries
deep to abductor hallucis

Question 28

medial plantar artery

Answer 28

passes distally between abductor hallucis and FDB

gives rise to medial two plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

Question 29

lateral plantar artery

Answer 29

runs with lateral plantar nerve

terminates by joining deep plantar artery forming the plantar arterial arch

Gives rise to 3rd-6th plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

Question 30

what forms the foot arches

Answer 30

tarsal and metatarsal bones

Question 31

functions of foot arches

Answer 31

1. absorb shock during weightbearing

2. makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Question 32

two foot arches

Answer 32

longitudinal arch

transverse arch

Question 33

longitudinal arch consists of

Answer 33

medial and lateral parts

– formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and medial three metatarsals

– formed by calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

Question 34

transverse arch

Answer 34

• runs between medial and lateral longitudinal arches

* formed by cuboid, three cuneiforms, and metatarsal bases

Question 35

pes planes

Answer 35

flat feed

results from failed arches (typically medial parts of longitudinal arch)

plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched and can’t support the head

causes taller head to become prominent