Muscles of the Back

Question 1

list the superficial muscles of back (intermediate included)

7

Answer 1

trapezius, latissimus doors, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor (serratus posterior superior and inferior)

Question 2

muscles of the back that move the limbs and are innervated by the CN1 or branches of the brachial plexus

Answer 2

extrinsic muscles

Question 3

are extrinsic or intrinsic back muscles hypaxial?

Answer 3

extrinsic

epaxial are intrinsic

Question 4

intrinsic muscles

Answer 4

support upright posture and allow movements of vertebral column

involved in proprioception, innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 5

posterior appendicular muscles

Answer 5

posterior muscles that attach the scapula and humerus to axial skeleton or scapula to humerus
includes the superficial and intermediate muscles of back

Question 6

Proximal attachment of trapezius

origin

Answer 6

external occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae

Question 7

Distal attachment of trapezius (insertion)

Answer 7

lateral third of clavicle (anterior), acromion, spine of scapula (posterior)

Question 8

actions of trapezius (3)

Answer 8

1. elevation and upward rotation of scapula – rotates glenoid fossa superiorly
2. retracts scapula
3. depression and upward rotation of scapula

Question 9

innervation of trapezius

Answer 9

motor: accessory nerve
sensory: ventral rami of C3 and C4

Question 10

proximal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

Answer 10

spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs

Question 11

distal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

Answer 11

floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 12

actions of Latissimus dorsi

Answer 12

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

raises torso towards arms during climbing

Question 13

innervation of Latissimus dorsi

Answer 13

throacodorsal nerves

Question 14

main action of the Latissimus dorsi

Answer 14

moves the humerus at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

Question 15

main action of the trapezius

Answer 15

moves the scapula

Question 16

proximal attachment of rhomboid major

Answer 16

spinous processes of T2-T5

Question 17

distal attachment of rhomboid major

Answer 17

medial border scapula from level of spine to inferior

Question 18

actions of rhomboids

Answer 18

retract, elevate, rotate scapula downward (fix it to thoracic wall)

Question 19

innervations of the rhomboids

Answer 19

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 20

proximal attachment of rhomboid minor

Answer 20

nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 and T1

Question 21

distal attachment of rhomboid minor

Answer 21

medial end of scapular spine

Question 22

proximal attachment of Levator scapulae

Answer 22

posterior tubercle of transverse process of first 4 cervical vertebrae

Question 23

distal attachment of Levator scapulae

Answer 23

medial border of scapula

superior part of scapular spine

Question 24

actions of Levator scapulae

Answer 24

elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 25

innervation of Levator scapulae

Answer 25

dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 26

proximal attachment of serratus posterior superior

Answer 26

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

Question 27

distal attachment of serratus posterior superior

Answer 27

superior border of ribs 2-4

Question 28

actions of serratus posterior superior

Answer 28

elevates ribs

Question 29

innervation of serratus posterior superior

Answer 29

ventral rami of T2-5 intercostal nerves

Question 30

proximal attachment of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 30

spinous process of T11-L2 vertebrae

Question 31

distal attachment of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 31

inferior borders of rides 8-12, near angles

Question 32

innervation of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 32

ventral rami of intercostal and subcostal nerves

Question 33

are dorsal branches epaxial or hypaxial?

Answer 33

epaxial

Question 34

major groups of epaxial/intrinsic/deep back muscles

Answer 34

splenius, erector spinae, and transversospinalis

Question 35

2 muscles of the splenius

Answer 35

splenius cervicis | spleens capitis

Question 36

origin of splenius (both)

Answer 36

nuchal ligament and spinous process of T1-6 vertebrae

Question 37

insertion of splenius cervicis

Answer 37

tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Question 38

splenius capitis

Answer 38

lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line

Question 39

actions of splenius muscles

Answer 39

extend head and neck bilaterally laterally flex neck rotate head to side of contracting muscle

Question 40

innervation of splenius muscles

Answer 40

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 41

erector spinal group muscles

Answer 41

iliocostalis logissimus spinalis

Question 42

actions of erector spinae group

Answer 42

bilaterally extend vertebral column and head | laterally flex vertebral column

Question 43

innervation of erector spinae group

Answer 43

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 44

origin of iliocostalis

Answer 44

broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of scrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

Question 45

insertions of laumborum of iliocostalis

Answer 45

ribs 6-12

Question 46

insertions of thoracis of iliocostalis

Answer 46

ribs 1-6

Question 47

insertion of cervicis of iliocostalis

Answer 47

ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of transferees processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6

Question 48

origin of longissimus -- thoracic

Answer 48

ribs 1-6, same as thoracis of iliocostalis

Question 49

insertion of longissimus -- cervicis

Answer 49

transverse processes of cervicial vertebrae

Question 50

origin of longissimus -- cervicis

Answer 50

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 51

insertion of longissimus -- capitis

Answer 51

mastoid process

Question 52

origin of longissimus - capitis

Answer 52

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 53

origin and insertion of thoracis of spinalis

Answer 53

spinous processes, insert on spinous processes superior to them

Question 54

muscles of transcersospinalis group

Answer 54

semispinalis rotatores multifidus

Question 55

innervation of transcerospinalis group

Answer 55

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 56

action of the semispinalis

Answer 56

extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions, rotates them contralaterally

Question 57

multifidus

Answer 57

covers and spans vertebral segments origin on transverse process insertion on spinous process

Question 58

action of multifidus

Answer 58

stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column

Question 59

brevis of rotatores

Answer 59

spans one intervertebral joint

Question 60

longus of rotatores

Answer 60

spans 2 intervertebral joints

Question 61

action of rotores

Answer 61

extends head, thoracic, and cervical regions (rotates contralaterally)

Question 62

innervation of interspinales

Answer 62

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 63

innervation of intertransversari

Answer 63

dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 64

innervation of levator costalis

Answer 64

dorsal rami of C8 to T11 s nerves

Question 65

osteological structures of suboccipital triangle

Answer 65

atlas and axis

Question 66

muscles of sub occipital region

Answer 66

``` recuts capitis posterior (major and minor) obliques capitis (inferior and superior) ```

Question 67

function of muscles in sub occipital region

Answer 67

mainly posture, aid in extension and rotation of atlantoaxial joint

Question 68

innervation of muscles in suboccipital region

Answer 68

suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)