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Exam 3- Anatomy > Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

list the superficial muscles of back (intermediate included)

7

A

trapezius, latissimus doors, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor (serratus posterior superior and inferior)

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2
Q

muscles of the back that move the limbs and are innervated by the CN1 or branches of the brachial plexus

A

extrinsic muscles

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3
Q

are extrinsic or intrinsic back muscles hypaxial?

A

extrinsic

epaxial are intrinsic

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4
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

support upright posture and allow movements of vertebral column

involved in proprioception, innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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5
Q

posterior appendicular muscles

A

posterior muscles that attach the scapula and humerus to axial skeleton or scapula to humerus
includes the superficial and intermediate muscles of back

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6
Q

Proximal attachment of trapezius

origin

A

external occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae

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7
Q

Distal attachment of trapezius (insertion)

A

lateral third of clavicle (anterior), acromion, spine of scapula (posterior)

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8
Q

actions of trapezius (3)

A
  1. elevation and upward rotation of scapula – rotates glenoid fossa superiorly
  2. retracts scapula
  3. depression and upward rotation of scapula
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9
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

motor: accessory nerve
sensory: ventral rami of C3 and C4

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10
Q

proximal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

A

spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs

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11
Q

distal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

A

floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

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12
Q

actions of Latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

raises torso towards arms during climbing

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13
Q

innervation of Latissimus dorsi

A

throacodorsal nerves

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14
Q

main action of the Latissimus dorsi

A

moves the humerus at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

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15
Q

main action of the trapezius

A

moves the scapula

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16
Q

proximal attachment of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-T5

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17
Q

distal attachment of rhomboid major

A

medial border scapula from level of spine to inferior

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18
Q

actions of rhomboids

A

retract, elevate, rotate scapula downward (fix it to thoracic wall)

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19
Q

innervations of the rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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20
Q

proximal attachment of rhomboid minor

A

nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 and T1

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21
Q

distal attachment of rhomboid minor

A

medial end of scapular spine

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22
Q

proximal attachment of Levator scapulae

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process of first 4 cervical vertebrae

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23
Q

distal attachment of Levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula

superior part of scapular spine

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24
Q

actions of Levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula

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25
Q

innervation of Levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

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26
Q

proximal attachment of serratus posterior superior

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

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27
Q

distal attachment of serratus posterior superior

A

superior border of ribs 2-4

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28
Q

actions of serratus posterior superior

A

elevates ribs

29
Q

innervation of serratus posterior superior

A

ventral rami of T2-5 intercostal nerves

30
Q

proximal attachment of serratus posterior inferior

A

spinous process of T11-L2 vertebrae

31
Q

distal attachment of serratus posterior inferior

A

inferior borders of rides 8-12, near angles

32
Q

innervation of serratus posterior inferior

A

ventral rami of intercostal and subcostal nerves

33
Q

are dorsal branches epaxial or hypaxial?

A

epaxial

34
Q

major groups of epaxial/intrinsic/deep back muscles

A

splenius, erector spinae, and transversospinalis

35
Q

2 muscles of the splenius

A

splenius cervicis

spleens capitis

36
Q

origin of splenius (both)

A

nuchal ligament and spinous process of T1-6 vertebrae

37
Q

insertion of splenius cervicis

A

tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

38
Q

splenius capitis

A

lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line

39
Q

actions of splenius muscles

A

extend head and neck bilaterally
laterally flex neck
rotate head to side of contracting muscle

40
Q

innervation of splenius muscles

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

41
Q

erector spinal group muscles

A

iliocostalis
logissimus
spinalis

42
Q

actions of erector spinae group

A

bilaterally extend vertebral column and head

laterally flex vertebral column

43
Q

innervation of erector spinae group

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

44
Q

origin of iliocostalis

A

broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of scrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

45
Q

insertions of laumborum of iliocostalis

A

ribs 6-12

46
Q

insertions of thoracis of iliocostalis

A

ribs 1-6

47
Q

insertion of cervicis of iliocostalis

A

ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of transferees processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6

48
Q

origin of longissimus – thoracic

A

ribs 1-6, same as thoracis of iliocostalis

49
Q

insertion of longissimus – cervicis

A

transverse processes of cervicial vertebrae

50
Q

origin of longissimus – cervicis

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

51
Q

insertion of longissimus – capitis

A

mastoid process

52
Q

origin of longissimus - capitis

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

53
Q

origin and insertion of thoracis of spinalis

A

spinous processes, insert on spinous processes superior to them

54
Q

muscles of transcersospinalis group

A

semispinalis
rotatores
multifidus

55
Q

innervation of transcerospinalis group

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

56
Q

action of the semispinalis

A

extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions, rotates them contralaterally

57
Q

multifidus

A

covers and spans vertebral segments
origin on transverse process
insertion on spinous process

58
Q

action of multifidus

A

stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column

59
Q

brevis of rotatores

A

spans one intervertebral joint

60
Q

longus of rotatores

A

spans 2 intervertebral joints

61
Q

action of rotores

A

extends head, thoracic, and cervical regions (rotates contralaterally)

62
Q

innervation of interspinales

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

63
Q

innervation of intertransversari

A

dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

64
Q

innervation of levator costalis

A

dorsal rami of C8 to T11 s nerves

65
Q

osteological structures of suboccipital triangle

A

atlas and axis

66
Q

muscles of sub occipital region

A 
recuts capitis posterior (major and minor) 
obliques capitis (inferior and superior)
67
Q

function of muscles in sub occipital region

A

mainly posture, aid in extension and rotation of atlantoaxial joint

68
Q

innervation of muscles in suboccipital region

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

Exam 3- Anatomy (13 decks)

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