Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

superior boundary of the gluteal region

A

iliac crest

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2
Q

inferior boundary of gluteal region

A

groove beneath gluteal fold

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3
Q

what exits from the greater sciatic foramen? (7)

A
gluteal neurovascular bundles
piriformis m.
sciatic nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous n. 
pudendal n. 
internal pudendal n. 
obturator interns/sperior gemellus nerve
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4
Q

enters in lesser sciatic foramen (4)

A

pudendal n.
internal pudendal artery
obturator internus
superior gemellus nerve

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5
Q

exits lesser sciatic foramen

A

obturator internus

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6
Q

two main ligaments of the gluteal region

A

sacrospinous ligament

sacrotuberous ligament

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7
Q

superior and middle cluneal nerves

A

via lateral branches of dorsal rami

supply superior 2/3 (sacrum and adjacent area)

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8
Q

inferior cluneal nerves

A

gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

supply inferior 1/3

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9
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

leaves pelvis superior to piriformis with superior gluteal artery

runs between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

supplies gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, sensor fasciae latae

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10
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

supplies gluteus maximus

leaves pelvis inferior to piriformis (with inferior gluteal artery)

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11
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic

L4-S3 ventral rami

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12
Q

where does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis? How?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

inferior to piriformis

runs inferiorly deep to gluteus maximus

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13
Q

where does the sciatic nerve divide?

A

halfway down the thigh into tibial and common fibular nerves

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14
Q

true or false

sciatic nerve doesn’t supply ANY gluteal structures

A

true

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15
Q

posterior hip dislocation

A

causes damage to sciatic nerve

may result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to knee

sensory change may occur in skin

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16
Q

posterior femoral cutaneous

A

S1- S3

supplies skin of the region

more than any other cutaneous nerve

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17
Q

ventral rami of quadratus femurs/inferior gemellus nerve

A

L4-S1

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18
Q

ventral rami of obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

A

L5-S2

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19
Q

obturator internus/superior gemellus leaves and reenters where?

A

leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen

reenters via lesser sciatic foramen

20
Q

pudendal nerve

A

anterior division of S2-S4

most medial structure exiting greater sciatic

renters via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures

21
Q

arteries of the gluteal region (3)

A

arise from internal iliac

superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
internal pudendal artery

22
Q

superior gluteal artery

A

largest internal iliac artery branch

superficial branch: gluteus maximus

deep branch: gluteus medium, minimum, tensor fascia lata

23
Q

inferior gluteal artery supplies

A

gluteus maximus
small lateral rotators
superior hamstrings

24
Q

cruciate anastomosis

A

transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral
terminal part of lateral circumflex femoral artery
first perforating artery
inferior gluteal

allows blood to enter knee, leg if femoral artery is occluded or severed (war)

25
internal pudendal artery
reenters pelvis via lesser with pudendal nerve supplies perineal muscles and external genitalia doesn't supply gluteal structures
26
where should intragluteal injections be made?
supero-ateral part of gluteal region avoids sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels
27
gluteus maximus
largest gluteal muscle chief extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation slight extension of leg when working with tensor fascia late inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
28
gluteus medius and minimus
partially covered by gluteus maximus medius is over minimus thigh abduction and medial rotation superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
29
tensor fascia lata is enclosed by
fascia lata
30
tensor fascia lata innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
31
function of tensor fascia lata
abducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh slight extension of knee along with gluteus maximus (30 degrees)
32
distinct feature of fascia lata
Iliotibial Tract
33
Iliotibial Tract (IT Band) runs from
iliac tubercle to gerry's tubercle on lateral tibial condyle
34
function of IT band
assists in decelerating adduction of thigh laterally stabilizes knee extends leg (compensates for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus max flexion) pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medals, and synergist with flexing vastus lateralis stretch to treat chondromalacia patella stores energy to bring leg forward
35
superior gluteal nerve injury causes what conditions
gluteal gait/limp positive trendelenburg's sign pt loses steadying action of gluteus medius and minimus
36
gluteal placement the bipedal gait
chimps don't have a curve to the spine to walk upright, they bend knees more when they step, don't have muscles to stabilize pelvis so they lean to opposite side (moving center of mass side to side)
37
piriformis
lies deep to gluteus maximus medial to gluteus medius demarcates gluteal blood vessels and nerves
38
attachments of the gluteus muscle
posterior gluteal line to the femur
39
duchenne's limp
seen also in apes occurs when the pelvis is elevated during walk, results in waddling lacking of muscles to stabilize pelvis, so leaning to opposite side
40
tensor fascia lata location
found on the anterior right from the side of the thigh running town to the knee
41
obturator internus
inserts on the bottom of hip and attaches to superior femur aids in rotation of hip
42
triceps coxae is composed of
superior and inferior gemelli and obturator internus
43
attachments of gemelli
head of the femur to the base of the hip
44
obturator externes
deep to pectinous attaches to trochanter fossa and margins of obturator foramen innervated by obturators nerve
45
most inferior of hip rotator muscles
quadrates femoris
46
function of glutei
medial rotation of hip advances opposite side of pelvis and free limb (walking) lateral rotation of hip advancing limp keeps the foot parallel to line of advancement
47
bursa of the gluteal region
ischial bursa trochanteric bursa gluetofemoral bursa