The Senses

Question 1

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 1

Allow focused light to pass into the eyeball

Question 2

Where does perception of sight take place?

Answer 2

Occipital lobe

Question 3

Do the special senses include pain?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Discovering water is piping hot, what impulses are sending this information to the central nervous system?

Answer 4

Afferent (sensory) nerves

Question 5

What is the function of the pupil?

Answer 5

Allow altered amount of light into the eyeball

Question 6

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 6

Regulate the amount of light that passes into the eyeball

Question 7

What is the function of the lens?

Answer 7

Can change the focus of the light hitting the retina

Question 8

What is the function of the ciliary body?

Answer 8

Produces aqueous humor and changes focal length of the lens

Question 9

What is the function of the aqueous humor?

Answer 9

Provides nutrients to lens and cornea

Question 10

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

Answer 10

Maintains eyeball shape

Question 11

What is the function of the sclera?

Answer 11

Provides physical protection

Question 12

What is the function of the choroid?

Answer 12

Contains pigments that absorb excessive light

Question 13

What is the function of the retina?

Answer 13

Allows for the formation of images

Question 14

What is the correct sequences of the retinal layers that light must pass through to stimulate the receptor cell?

Answer 14

Ganglion cell (optic nerve) layer, bipolar cell layer, photoreceptor cell layer

Question 15

Identify the cells, nerve and brain structures that carry and process visual information.

Answer 15

Photoreceptor cell, bipolar cell, ganglion cell (optic nerve), thalamus, occipital lobe of cerebrum

Question 16

Cone or rod?
Provides high visual acuity in colours

Answer 16

Cone

Question 17

Cone or rod?
Provides black and white vision in low light levels

Answer 17

Rod

Question 18

Identify the structures that capture, channel and transmit sound wave vibrations towards the cochlea

Answer 18

Pinna, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 19

Identify the cranial nerve and brain structures that carry out and process hearing information

Answer 19

Cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, temporal lobe of cerebrum

Question 20

Identify the hearing receptors and organ

Answer 20

Hearing hair cells (cilia) in organs of Corti

Question 21

Identify the structures and fluids that transmit sound wave vibrations from the stapes to the hearing receptors

Answer 21

Stapes, perilymph in scala vestibule, vestibular membrane, endolymph in cochlear duct, tectorial membrane, hearing receptor cells of organ of Corti

Question 22

Describe the function of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule

Answer 22

Static equilibrium allows for regulating body position (mostly the head) in response to gravity

Question 23

Identify the receptor, cranial nerve and brain structures that carry and process equilibrium information

Answer 23

Hair cells, vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, temporal lobe of the cerebrum

Question 24

Describe the function of the ampullae of the semi-circular canals

Answer 24

Dynamic equilibrium allows for regulating body position (mostly the head) in response to sudden movements

Question 25

Describe the role of the fluid inside the semi-circular canals?

Answer 25

The cupola will move in response to the fluid position change when the head (and canals) move, and that movement stimulates the hair cells

Question 26

Identify the receptor cells, cranial nerves and brain structures that carry gustatory information from the tongue

Answer 26

Gustatory hair cell, facial and glossopharangeal cranial nerves, thalamus, parietal lobe of cerebrum

Question 27

Identify the receptor cells, cranial nerves and brain structures that carry olfactory information from the tongue

Answer 27

Olfactory hair cell, olfactory cranial nerve, temporal lobe of cerebrum

Question 28

What are the six extrinsic muscles?

Answer 28

Medial rectus, superior oblique, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus

Question 29

What extrinsic muscle/s does the abducens innervate?

Answer 29

Medial rectus

Question 30

What extrinsic muscle/s does the trochlear innervate?

Answer 30

Superior oblique

Question 31

What extrinsic muscle/s does the oculomotor innervate?

Answer 31

Lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus

Question 32

What are the 3 sections of the ear?

Answer 32

Outer, middle (tympanic cavity) and inner ear

Question 33

What encases the middle and inner ear?

Answer 33

Petrous part of temporal bone

Question 34

What is the hearing process?

Answer 34

Sound from outer ear travels to middle ear and transmits to inner ear. Nerve impulses sent to auditory cortex

Question 35

What are the sections of the outer ear?

Answer 35

Auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Question 36

What are the layers of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 36

Outer coverings of hairless skin, middle layer of fibrous tissue and inner lining of mucous membrane

Question 37

What are the two openings of the temporal lobe?

Answer 37

Oval and round windows

Question 38

What are the auditory ossicles?

Answer 38

Malleus, incus and stapes

Question 39

What organs are contained in the inner ear?

Answer 39

Hearing and balance organs

Question 40

What are the 3 main regions of the inner ear?

Answer 40

The vestibule (utricle and saccule), three semicircular canals, the cochlea

Question 41

What are the utricle and saccule important in?

Answer 41

Balance

Question 42

What are the three sections of the cochlea?

Answer 42

Scala vestibuli, scala media/cochlear duct, scala tympani

Question 43

What protects the eye from injury?

Answer 43

Orbital cavity filled with adipose tissue and bony orbital cavity

Question 44

How many Chambers of the eye are there?

Answer 44

3

Question 45

What are the 3 Chambers of the eye?

Answer 45

Vitreous, anterior and posterior Chambers

Question 46

Where is the vitreous chamber of the eye and what is the function?

Answer 46

Behind the lens, containing vitreous humor. Maintains sufficient pressure inside eyeball to support internal structures and prevent collapse

Question 47

Where is the posterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 47

Between lens and iris

Question 48

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 48

Between iris and cornea

Question 49

What fills the posterior and anterior Chambers?

Answer 49

Aqueous humour

Question 50

What are the layers of the eye wall?

Answer 50

Outer fibrous layer (sclera and cornea) Middle vascular layer/uveal tract (choroid, ciliary body and iris) Inner nervous tissue (retina)

Question 51

What is the role of the sclera?

Answer 51

Maintain shape of eye and connect to extrinsic muscles. Assists lens to refract light rays to focus on retina

Question 52

What is the role of the ciliary body?

Answer 52

To contract and relax to control size and thickness of the lens, thus allowing for near and far vision

Question 53

What is the iris divided into?

Answer 53

Anterior and posterior chambers

Question 54

What is the iris composed of?

Answer 54

Pigment cells and two layers of smooth muscle

Question 55

How is the iris stimulated?

Answer 55

Parasympathetic system constructs pupil and sympathetic dilates pupil

Question 56

How do the cerebral hemispheres receive visual sensory input?

Answer 56

Nerve fibres of the optic chiasm crossover, and fibres from temporal lobe continue backwards on same side to allow both cerebral hemispheres to receive sensory input from each eye