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Anatomy And Physiology > The Senses > Flashcards

The Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Allow focused light to pass into the eyeball

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2
Q

Where does perception of sight take place?

A

Occipital lobe

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3
Q

Do the special senses include pain?

A

No

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4
Q

Discovering water is piping hot, what impulses are sending this information to the central nervous system?

A

Afferent (sensory) nerves

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5
Q

What is the function of the pupil?

A

Allow altered amount of light into the eyeball

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6
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

Regulate the amount of light that passes into the eyeball

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7
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

Can change the focus of the light hitting the retina

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8
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

Produces aqueous humor and changes focal length of the lens

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9
Q

What is the function of the aqueous humor?

A

Provides nutrients to lens and cornea

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10
Q

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

A

Maintains eyeball shape

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11
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Provides physical protection

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12
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

Contains pigments that absorb excessive light

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13
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

Allows for the formation of images

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14
Q

What is the correct sequences of the retinal layers that light must pass through to stimulate the receptor cell?

A

Ganglion cell (optic nerve) layer, bipolar cell layer, photoreceptor cell layer

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15
Q

Identify the cells, nerve and brain structures that carry and process visual information.

A

Photoreceptor cell, bipolar cell, ganglion cell (optic nerve), thalamus, occipital lobe of cerebrum

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16
Q

Cone or rod?
Provides high visual acuity in colours

A

Cone

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17
Q

Cone or rod?
Provides black and white vision in low light levels

A

Rod

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18
Q

Identify the structures that capture, channel and transmit sound wave vibrations towards the cochlea

A

Pinna, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

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19
Q

Identify the cranial nerve and brain structures that carry out and process hearing information

A

Cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, temporal lobe of cerebrum

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20
Q

Identify the hearing receptors and organ

A

Hearing hair cells (cilia) in organs of Corti

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21
Q

Identify the structures and fluids that transmit sound wave vibrations from the stapes to the hearing receptors

A

Stapes, perilymph in scala vestibule, vestibular membrane, endolymph in cochlear duct, tectorial membrane, hearing receptor cells of organ of Corti

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22
Q

Describe the function of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule

A

Static equilibrium allows for regulating body position (mostly the head) in response to gravity

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23
Q

Identify the receptor, cranial nerve and brain structures that carry and process equilibrium information

A

Hair cells, vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, temporal lobe of the cerebrum

24
Q

Describe the function of the ampullae of the semi-circular canals

A

Dynamic equilibrium allows for regulating body position (mostly the head) in response to sudden movements

25
Q

Describe the role of the fluid inside the semi-circular canals?

A

The cupola will move in response to the fluid position change when the head (and canals) move, and that movement stimulates the hair cells

26
Q

Identify the receptor cells, cranial nerves and brain structures that carry gustatory information from the tongue

A

Gustatory hair cell, facial and glossopharangeal cranial nerves, thalamus, parietal lobe of cerebrum

27
Q

Identify the receptor cells, cranial nerves and brain structures that carry olfactory information from the tongue

A

Olfactory hair cell, olfactory cranial nerve, temporal lobe of cerebrum

28
Q

What are the six extrinsic muscles?

A

Medial rectus, superior oblique, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus

29
Q

What extrinsic muscle/s does the abducens innervate?

A

Medial rectus

30
Q

What extrinsic muscle/s does the trochlear innervate?

A

Superior oblique

31
Q

What extrinsic muscle/s does the oculomotor innervate?

A

Lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus

32
Q

What are the 3 sections of the ear?

A

Outer, middle (tympanic cavity) and inner ear

33
Q

What encases the middle and inner ear?

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

34
Q

What is the hearing process?

A

Sound from outer ear travels to middle ear and transmits to inner ear. Nerve impulses sent to auditory cortex

35
Q

What are the sections of the outer ear?

A

Auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

36
Q

What are the layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer coverings of hairless skin, middle layer of fibrous tissue and inner lining of mucous membrane

37
Q

What are the two openings of the temporal lobe?

A

Oval and round windows

38
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

39
Q

What organs are contained in the inner ear?

A

Hearing and balance organs

40
Q

What are the 3 main regions of the inner ear?

A

The vestibule (utricle and saccule), three semicircular canals, the cochlea

41
Q

What are the utricle and saccule important in?

A

Balance

42
Q

What are the three sections of the cochlea?

A

Scala vestibuli, scala media/cochlear duct, scala tympani

43
Q

What protects the eye from injury?

A

Orbital cavity filled with adipose tissue and bony orbital cavity

44
Q

How many Chambers of the eye are there?

A

3

45
Q

What are the 3 Chambers of the eye?

A

Vitreous, anterior and posterior Chambers

46
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber of the eye and what is the function?

A

Behind the lens, containing vitreous humor. Maintains sufficient pressure inside eyeball to support internal structures and prevent collapse

47
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

Between lens and iris

48
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

Between iris and cornea

49
Q

What fills the posterior and anterior Chambers?

A

Aqueous humour

50
Q

What are the layers of the eye wall?

A

Outer fibrous layer (sclera and cornea)
Middle vascular layer/uveal tract (choroid, ciliary body and iris)
Inner nervous tissue (retina)

51
Q

What is the role of the sclera?

A

Maintain shape of eye and connect to extrinsic muscles. Assists lens to refract light rays to focus on retina

52
Q

What is the role of the ciliary body?

A

To contract and relax to control size and thickness of the lens, thus allowing for near and far vision

53
Q

What is the iris divided into?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

54
Q

What is the iris composed of?

A

Pigment cells and two layers of smooth muscle

55
Q

How is the iris stimulated?

A

Parasympathetic system constructs pupil and sympathetic dilates pupil

56
Q

How do the cerebral hemispheres receive visual sensory input?

A

Nerve fibres of the optic chiasm crossover, and fibres from temporal lobe continue backwards on same side to allow both cerebral hemispheres to receive sensory input from each eye

Anatomy And Physiology (12 decks)

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