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Anatomy And Physiology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex glands of the male and female reproductive system called?

A

Gonads

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2
Q

What is the primary sex gland of the male reproductive system?

A

Testes

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3
Q

What is the main reproductive sex gland of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

What are the sex cells referred to?

A

Gametes

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5
Q

What are the male sex cells?

A

Sperm

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6
Q

What are the female sex cells?

A

Oocytes/eggs

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7
Q

What happens when the sperm and ova meet?

A

Develop zygote

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8
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in each cell?

A

23 pairs, for a total of 46

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9
Q

What are autosomes?

A

The 22 matching chromosomes.

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10
Q

How does the 23rd pair of chromosomes differ?

A

Females have two X chromosomes whist males have one X and one Y chromosome

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11
Q

What is the the male sex hormone?

A

Androgens, which are the most active testosterone

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12
Q

What are the female sex hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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13
Q

Why are steroid hormones necessary?

A

For secondary sex characteristics and reproduction

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14
Q

When does male puberty tend to begin?

A

Around 10-14 years old

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15
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

To store sperm until ejaculation

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16
Q

Is sperm acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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17
Q

Is the vagina acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

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18
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

Fleshy pouch of skin to enclose the testes and maintain lower than normal body temperature for sperm production.

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19
Q

What is the role of the seminiferous tubules?

A

To produce spermatozoa

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20
Q

What surrounds the testes?

A

2 layers named the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea, which divides the testis into lobules or septa

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21
Q

What hormone secretes testosterone?

A

Interstitial or Leydig cells

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22
Q

What is the role of testosterone?

A

Increasing muscle mass, secondary sex characteristics, maturation of sperm and metabolism

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23
Q

How long will sperm last in the ducts of the epididymis before it is phagocytosed?

A

Approx. 42 days before it is destroyed

24
Q

What is the role of the ductus (vas) deferens?

A

Contains muscle to allow for ejaculation

25
Q

What is the seminal vesicle?

A

Tubular glands with muscular walls which provides fluids and acts as a transport medium for sperm with substances that provide protection for the sperm

26
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Merges with urethra as it passes through prostate gland

27
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Forms first part of urethra and is under testicular hormone control. Adds 30% of fluids to semen and assists sperm motility and modifies vaginal acidity

28
Q

What are the 3 sections of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic, membranous and penile

29
Q

What is the function of the bulbo-urethral gland?

A

Secrete a mucus to lubricate urethra before ejaculation

30
Q

What is the scientific name for foreskin?

A

Prepuce

31
Q

What are the 3 columns of erectile tissue?

A

2 corpus cavernosum and 1 corpus spongiosum which become engorged with blood during sexual arousal

32
Q

What areas of the endocrine system are involved in function of the testes?

A

Involves hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

33
Q

What 2 hormones are involved in the endocrine function of the testes?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone

34
Q

What is the function of Follicle Stimulating Hormone?

A

Target sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules to influence spermatogenesis

35
Q

What is the function of the Luteinizing Hormone?

A

Target Leydig cells to stimulate testosterone which acts on sertoli cells. Spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout man’s life

36
Q

What are the external reproductive organs of the female genitalia?

A

Collective terminology is the vulva, consisting of:
- mons pubis
- labia majora
- labia minora
- vestibule
- perineum

37
Q

What are the main structures of the internal reproductive organs of the female?

A
  • ovary
  • uterus
  • fallopian tubes
  • vagina
  • cervix
38
Q

Where are the eggs (ova) produced?

A

In the ovary through cell division (meiosis)

39
Q

What do the ovaries secrete?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

40
Q

What is the role of the uterus?

A

Consists of body, fundus and cervix and maintains a suitable environment for a fertilised egg. If an egg is not fertilised, the uterus sheds the endometrium lining

41
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Fibrous tissue and mucosa

42
Q

What are the fimbriae of the fallopian tube?

A

Help waft egg from ovary into fallopian tube

43
Q

How many ova are present at birth in the ovarian follicles?

A

Around 60,000

44
Q

Approx. how many ova ripen during a lifetime?

A

400-500

45
Q

What is released by the anterior pituitary gland during ovulation

A

Follicle stimulating hormone which stimulates a number of primary follicles to grow. This accumulates fluid and primary oocyte matures into the secondary oocyte

46
Q

What happens if the secondary oocyte is not fertilised?

A

It deteriorates and dies

47
Q

What happens during ovulation after 14 days?

A

Anterior pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone and the mature follicle ruptures and oocyte is released to the peritoneal cavity. LH then develops ruptured follicle into corpus luteum which produces progesterone for 10-14 days unless pregnancy occurs

48
Q

What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase

49
Q

How long is the menstrual phase and what occurs?

A

1-5
Thick lining of uterus shed and passes through vagina as menstrual flow. By day 5, ovarian follicle is beginning to produce more oestrogen in response to FSH

50
Q

What is the proliferative phase?

A

Between 8 and 10 days long (days 6-14)
FSH and LH increase, egg matures and follicles secrete oestrogen to prepare uterus. Basal layer of endometrium regenerates and becomes thick and vascularised

51
Q

What is the secretory phase?

A

Days 15-28
Progesterone levels rise (produced by corpus luteum) under influence of LH. If unfertilised, corpus luteum degenerates and LH levels drop. Vessels of endometrium kink and die, resulting in menstrual flow

52
Q

What happens during fertilisation?

A

Embryo produces hormone similar to LH called human chorionic gonadotrophin and corpus luteum is encouraged to continue hormone production. Placenta helps with this role

53
Q

How long is the oocyte viable for fertilisation?

A

12-24 hours following ovulation

54
Q

How long can sperm retain fertilising power?

A

24-48 hours after release

55
Q

What is lactation?

A

Mammary glands adapt to release milk

56
Q

What are montgomery’s tubules?

A

Sebaceous glands to keep skin supple and lubricate

57
Q

Where is milk stored?

A

In lactiferous sinus

Anatomy And Physiology (12 decks)

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