Respiratory System

Question 2

What does RAS stand for?

Answer 2

Reticular activating system

Question 3

What are the muscles that contract simultaneously with the diaphragm during quiet inspiration called?

Answer 3

External intercostals

Question 4

Is the trachea part of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Which structure prevents foor or water from entering the trachea?

Answer 5

Epiglottis

Question 6

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

• regulate blood pH
• produce chemical mediators
• sound production
• olfactory sensations
• protection
• provide oxygen and expel carbon dioxide

Question 7

What are the four phases involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and body cells?

Answer 7

• pulmonary ventilation
• external respiration
• transport of gases
• internal respiration

Question 8

Whay happens during inhalation?

Answer 8

Diaphragm contracts, pulls down and flattens and external intercostal muscles contract and pull rib cage up and outwards, expanding lung volume

Question 9

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 9

Diaphragm recoils and returns to a dome shape, and intercostal muscles relax, moving the rib cage down and inwards, decreasing lung volume

Question 10

What areas are involved in the neural control of respiration?

Answer 10

The medulla and pons

Question 11

How does the medulla control the respiratory system?

Answer 11

Contains x2 respiratory centres; one containing inspiratory and expiratory neurons (alternately send impulses to regulate rhythm to stimulate/inhibit phrenic/intercostal nerves); one reacts to sensory info from chemoreceptors and peripheral stretch receptors

Question 12

How does the pons control the respiratory system?

Answer 12

Send signals to medulla to slow breathing and lengthen inspiration

Question 13

Following spinal shock, what effects can be caused by a sudden loss of sympathetic output that maintains vascular tone?

Answer 13

Peripheral vasodilation, hypotension, and venous pooling

Question 14

What is a waste product of aerobic respiration?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide

Question 15

How does oxygen get to cells in your body for respiration?

Answer 15

Oxygen is breathed in from air around you, and diffuses into the blood in your lungs. Heart then pumps the blood around the body to the body cells

Question 16

Name 3 body responses to exercise and explain why they happen.

Answer 16

Increase in heart rate (to increase blood flow), increase in breathing rate (to increase oxygen levels), glycogen stores in muscles are converted to glucose for respiration

Question 17

How can you tell if someone is fitter from their breathing rate and heart rate?

Answer 17

Resting heart and breathing rate will be lower if they’re fitter. The less your heart rate and breathing rate increase during exercise means the fitter you are. The quicker your breathing and heart rate returns to normal after exercise, the fitter you are.

Question 18

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 18

When the blood can’t supply oxygen to the muscles fast enough

Question 19

What happens to glucose in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 19

Glucose isn’t completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water so lactic acid is made instead, as there isn’t enough oxygen.

Question 20

Which release more energy (more efficient): anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Aerobic respiration is more efficient

Question 21

How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

Less energy is released and glucose isn’t completely broken down I.e. lactic acid is made rather than carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

Where does lactic acid accumulate and what does it cause?

Answer 22

Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles and causes mucle pain and fatigue

Question 23

What is the correct sequence of organs of the respiratory passageway?

Answer 23

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles

Question 24

What is the gas called that haemoglobin returns from the body to the lungs to be exhaled?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide

Question 25

What is tidal volume?

Answer 25

Respiratory volume inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

Question 27

When you run ot exercise, your heart may pump 3-4 times more than usual?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

In what part of the cell does respiration take place?

Answer 28

Mitochondria