the self small

Question 1

Study: The man who was not there

social comparison standards influence self evaluation

Answer 1

from Mussweiler and more

• Are comparison so spontaneous that they are even engaged when people are fleetingly exposed to a potentional standard? So fleetingly that we are unaware?

Wir untersuchten, ob Vergleiche so spontan sind, dass sie sogar dann eingesetzt werden, wenn Menschen vorübergehend einem potenziellen Standard ausgesetzt sind - so vorübergehend, dass sie den Standard nicht kennen. Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass soziale Vergleiche wirklich allgegenwärtige Prozesse sind, die auch bei kurzfristiger Exposition gegenüber Standardinformationen eingesetzt werden.

=> Self-evaluation influenced subliminally presented standards

Question 2

Study: Why we post selfies: Understanding motivations for posting pictures of oneself

Answer 2

• study was done in South Korea on young women
• Motives: Attention seeking, Communication, Archiving, Entertainment

-> Communication and archiving and narcissism predict self-posting

Question 3

What is the self?

Answer 3

constructs, different identities, self-awareness and it is always situational

Question 4

Social identity theory

Answer 4

becoming ourself through Identification, Comparison …

Question 5

self-awareness theory (Carver, Scheier)

Answer 5

comparison between actual and ideal self

Question 6

Self-discrepancy theory

Answer 6

various not always consistent self perceptions. actual, ideal, ought self

-> self regulation, get rid of discrepancies

Question 7

regulation focus theoy

Answer 7

way we regulate self

promotion focus: trying to reach goals …
prevention focus: avoidance strategy

Question 8

self perception theory

Answer 8

we gain knowlwdge about our self only by making self attributions (Looking what I do -> inferring who I am, what my self is like!

Question 9

overjustification effect

Answer 9

we are intrinsically motivated for something, then get paid for it (external)

Question 10

social comparison theory

Answer 10

comparing our behaviour and options with those of others, to establish the correct or socially approved way of thinking/behaving

Question 11

self-categorization model

Answer 11

categorization oneself as a group member produces social identity and group behaviors

Question 12

BIRGing

Answer 12

“we (the German soccer team) won”

Question 13

4 types of self

Answer 13

Collective self: describing self as a ingroup member, others a soutgroup members, downward comparison with outgroup members

Individual Self: Attribution that make me unique to other people

Relational Self: Self defindet by relationships

Conzeptualized self/Narrative identity:
people have cognitive perception of the self (the storry about me), helps organizing perceptions and categorizing

Question 14

Social Identity Theory

Answer 14

theory about group membership, based on self categorisation, construction of a shared self definition in terms of ingroup defining properties

the self concept is abgeleitet vom group membership

• categorization: put others and self in categories, based on prototypes
• identification: with groups - boos self esteem
• comparison

Question 15

3 classes influence self-construction and knowledge1

Answer 15

self assesment: find trouth about our self
self verification: verify and conform what we already know about us
self-enhancement: motivation to create positive image of the self, discover what a wonderful person I am

Question 16

self-esteem

Answer 16

Trait self esteem: stable self esteem you always have

State self esteem: changing self esteem depending on groups/situations

Question 17

threats self esteem

Answer 17

faiures
inconsistencies
stressors (and no coping)

Question 18

Deal with threats self esteem

Answer 18

escape denial (alkohol)
downplay the threat (cancer persons making jokes about dying)
self expression (talking)
attack the threat (setting up excuses for failure before event : self handicapping)

Question 19

self affirmation theory

Answer 19

people cover negative aspects by focussing on other positive aspects

Question 20

self enhancing triad

Answer 20

how peope characterise their self; positively biases

overestimate good points
overestimate control over events
unrealistically optimistic

Question 21

self-conceptual positivity bias

Answer 21

positive self conception even when situation doesn’t provoke it, people who fali exhibit this bias tend to have mental illnesses

Question 22

impression management

Answer 22

peoples use of strategies to get other people to view them in a positive light

Question 23

self monitoring

Answer 23

carefully controlling how we present ourselves

Question 24

strategic self-presentation

Answer 24

self-promotion: competent

ingratiation: popular
intimidation: dangerous
exemplification: moraly respectable
supplication: needing help