Social Cognition small

Question 1

Study: White bear experiment

Schneider and Wegner

Answer 1

• group 1:had to supress their thoughts and whenever white bear comes into their mind they had to ring a bell
• group 2: think about a white bear

=> thought supression has paradoxical effect on self control strategy. It might even produce obsession and preoccupation with the subject

cognitive rebound: the harder we try to supress something the louder it comes back

Question 2

Ash’s configuration model

Answer 2

model of forming impressions, with central and peripheral traits

Question 3

schema and categorie

Answer 3

Categories are mental models of elements
(can be humans, animals, artefacts), for example: the category of students.

• Schemas are mental models of HOW to BEHAVE in a given situation.
(Shake hands with grandfather, and be friendly, do not fist bump and say hey dude). They are overlearned and based on positively enforced behavioral routines.

Question 4

types of schemas

Answer 4

person schema
role schema
scripts
content free schema: I like john, John likes Kai, I should like Kai
self schemas (link to self concept)

Question 5

stereotypes

Answer 5

schemas about a social group

Question 6

schema changes

Answer 6

Bookkeeping: Stück für Stück
Conversion: disconfirming information
Subtyping: schemas change their configuration to disconforming instances by forming new subcategories

Question 7

Fuzzy sets

Answer 7

attributes organised around a prototype

Question 8

Exaplares

Answer 8

member of a categorie

Question 9

accentuation principle

Answer 9

tendency to over-emphasize the differences between things belonging to different categories

Question 10

salience

Answer 10

etwas sicht hervor

Question 11

vividness

Answer 11

an intrinsic property of a stimulus on it’s own that makes it stand out

Question 12

Behavioural decision theory

Answer 12

Set of normative models

Question 13

2 types of Heuristics

Answer 13

Representative Heuristics: andrea dressed in sport club clothes -> part of a sports association

Availability heurisics: how quickliy associations come into mind (Media about violent muslems ->astimation that here are many violent muslems in general)

Anchoring and adjustment: Schlussfolgerungen werden mit standards or schemas verglichen (how intelligent is he? -> Comparison to own self schema)

Question 14

Heiders theory of naive psychology

Answer 14

you characterize people by using rational, scientific like cause effect analyses to understnd their world

Question 15

Jones and David’s theory of correspondent inference

Answer 15

Corresondence betweeen behaviour ans underlying personal traits

Question 16

Kelly’s covariation Model

Answer 16

people try to find the cause of someones behaviour

1. consistency: does he always laugh?
2. Distinctivness: does he laugh at EVERYTHIG?
3. Consensus: EVERYBODY laughing?

=> personal/internal attribution OR external attribution OR no consistant relationship

Question 17

fundamental attribution error

Answer 17

people overestimate influences of internal factors and underestimate external factors

Question 18

actor observer effect

Answer 18

attribute others behaviour internally but our own externally

Question 19

False consensus effect

Answer 19

others would behave like I would do and would take the same decisions

Question 20

Self serving bias

Answer 20

if I have a great mark, its because of me. If I have a bad one its becaus the exam was to hard.