The self Flashcards
What does self-esteem and self-worth=
self-concept
why do we study the self?
• Self-perceptions underpin/influence/relate
to basically everything!
• Knowledge of self-perceptions is needed to
understand the function, actions, and psychological well-being of athletes
• Participating in sport will also influence an individual’s self-perception
what happens if you have high self-esteem?
Lower anxiety
Optimism
Adaptability
Emotional stability
Happiness
Coping with stress
Perception of control
what happens if you have low self-esteem?
Higher anxiety
Depression
Eating disorder
Antisocial behaviours
Suicide ideation
Negative affect
Lower perception of control
what are Children’s self-perceptions?
- Very positive (unrealistic positive)
- Categorical identification
- Concrete behavioural skills
- (Young) children do not use peer comparison as source of information
- Use feedback from significant others as primary source of information
what is the complexity of the self?
- The self is complex with the various roles and identities.
- Adolescence is often the period of self development,
- … but it continues extensively over time
what are the adolescent’s self-perception?
- Age-related increase in sub-domains (academic, social, emotional, etc)
- More realistic evaluation
- More abstract reflection
- Comparison of the discrepancy between what is perceived as being important (e.g. good looking) and their own evaluation
• Use various sources of information to evaluate
themselves
day-to-day experiences influence what and become what over time?
immediate perceptions, global over time.
the self-system is a …?
Hierarchical system
hierarchy of self perception is…
– Gradually developed with time
– Descriptive + Evaluative components
– Relatively stable evaluation of the overall self
– Predict general outcomes
– ‘the individual as known to the individual’
what are the characteristics of the self system?
- Organised
- Multifaced
- Hierarchical
- Stable
- Developmental
- Evaluative (+ descriptive)
- Differentiable
potential mechanisms by which sport can influence self-esteem
• An undetermined psychophysiological mechanism that enhances
mood and positive self-regard.
- Enhanced body image, body satisfaction or body acceptance through weight loss or improved muscle tone.
- Enhanced perceived physical competence through improved abilities, and cardiorespiratory function.
• Enhanced sense of autonomy and personal control over the body,
its appearance, and functioning.
• Improved sense of relatedness and significance through relationships with exercise leaders or others in the exercise group.
