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Psychology-Degree > Psychology in youth sport and models > Flashcards

Psychology in youth sport and models Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sport

A 
Sport: “a regulated form of physical
activity organised as a contest between
two or more participants for the purpose
of determining a winner by fair and
ethical means”
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2
Q

3 Key Factors in Youth Sport Psychology?

A
  1. Youth athletes are not “mini-adults”
  2. Working with young athletes requires a grasp of
    important developmental principles
  3. Young athletes are individuals with unique personal
    characteristics and preferences
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3
Q

Benefits to Psychology in

Youth Sport?

A
  1. Help manage emotions
  2. Cope with stress and pressure
  3. Proactively teaching skills
  4. Enhance positive sports experiences
  5. Aid development of life skills
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4
Q

Barriers to Psychology in

Youth Sport

A
  1. Perceptions of psychology
  2. Lack of understanding
  3. Worry re. peer perceptions
  4. experiences Issues of confidentiality
  5. Resistance from adults
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5
Q

definition of CHILDHOOD

A

A developmental period that occurs in the first decade of life

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6
Q

definition of ADOLESCENCE

A

A developmental period that occurs primarily during the second decade of life

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7
Q

definition of CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

A

Age of child based on year of birth

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8
Q

definition of MATURATION

A

Aspects of development primarily under genetic control, and which are relatively uninfluenced by the environment

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9
Q

definition of DEVELOPMENT

A

The process of change in functioning that occurs as a consequence of maturation and experience

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10
Q

definition of DEVELOPMENTAL AGE

A

Combination of maturation and experience

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11
Q

what is Relative age effect? (RAE)

A

Children born at the same time may mature faster or later in comparison to each other

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12
Q

why is it important to consider RAE in

youth sport?

A
    • Some athletes may be advantaged because they are early mature
    • Some athletes may be advantaged because they are late maturer
    • The chronological differences in the same category lead to certain athletes
      having more experience than others
    • It can lead to huge developmental differences for adolescent athletes
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13
Q

what is the sensorimotor period and what characterises it?

A 
Sensorimotor period (0-2)
– Connect sensory experiences with motor actions
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14
Q

what is the preoperational stage and what characterises it?

A

Preoperational stage (2-7)
– Learn to solve concrete problems
– Egocentric

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15
Q

what is the Concrete Operations stage and what characterises it?

A

Concrete Operations stage (7-11)

– Use logic in thought process

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16
Q

what is the Formal Operations Stage and what characterises it?

A

Formal Operations Stage (11 onwards)
– Learn to reason logically
– Understand realm of possibility
– Understand abstract concepts may exist

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17
Q

What characterises development at adolescence

A

+
– More advanced cognitive reasoning
– Capacity for abstract thought
– Formal-operational thinking (Piaget, 1950)
– Rapid psychological growth
-
– Cannot fully link feelings to events (Vernon, 2002)
– Unlikely to be able to consider all alternatives

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18
Q

what are the Four key concepts for sport?

A

Readiness for Competition

Differentiate effort and ability

Perceptions of competence

Identify formation

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19
Q

What do the Four key concepts for sport entail?

A

1• Psychological capacities to understand competition
2• Influence of normative v individual comparisons
3• Increasingly accurate with age
4• Adolescents striving to develop sense of individualism

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20
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What is Deliberate Play?

A

Deliberate Play characterizes the intentional and voluntary

nature of informal sport games

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21
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What is Deliberate Practice?

A

Deliberate Practice is the
systematic accumulation of
practices requiring effort with the
aim to progress toward excellence.

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22
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What does Deliberate Practice entail?

A 
Deliberate practices are described
as difficult, demanding, requiring
repetitions, feedbacks and may
not be immediately pleasant or
rewarding
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23
Q

what is the route for recreational sports?

A
  1. entry to sport
  2. sampling years
  3. Recreational years
24
Q

what is the route for successful professional sports?

A
  1. entry to sport
  2. sampling years
  3. specializing Years
  4. Investment Years
25
what is the route for early specialisation professional sports?
1. entry to sport | 2. early Specialization
26
what does sampling years entail?
* Deliberate play(+) * Deliberate practice (-) * Involvement in several sports
27
what does recreational years entail?
``` • Deliberate play(+) • Deliberate practice (-) • Activities that focus on fitness and health ```
28
what does specializing Years entail?
• Deliberate play and practice balanced • Reduce involvement in several sports
29
what does Early Specialization entail?
* Deliberate play(-) * Deliberate practice (+) * Focus on one sport
30
what does Investment Years entail?
* Deliberate play(-) * Deliberate practice (+) * Focus on one sport
31
what is the potential outcome of the recreational route?
Potential outcomes : • Recreational sport • Physical health (+) • Enjoyment (+)
32
what is the potential outcome successful professional sports?
Potential outcomes : • Elite performance • Physical health (+) • Enjoyment (+)
33
what is the potential outcome early specialisation professional sports?
Potential outcomes : • Elite performance • Physical health (-) • Enjoyment (-)
34
what is postulate 1?
early diversification (sampling) does not hinder elite sport participation in sports where peak performance is reached after maturation
35
what is postulate 2?
``` early diversification (sampling) is linked to a longer sport career and has positive implications for long-term sport involvement ```
36
what is postulate 3?
``` early diversification (sampling) allows participation in a range of contexts that most favourably affects positive youth development ```
37
what is postulate 4?
high amounts of deliberate play during the sampling years build a solid foundation of intrinsic motivation through involvement in activities that are enjoyable and promote intrinsic regulation
38
what is postulate 5?
a high amount of deliberate play during the sampling years establishes a range of motor and cognitive experiences that children can ultimately bring to their principal sport of interest
39
what is postulate 6?
around the end of primary school (about age 13), children should have the opportunity to either choose to specialize in their favourite sport or to continue in sport at a recreational level
40
what is postulate 7?
late adolescents (around age 16) have developed the physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and motor skills needed to invest their effort into highly specialized training in one sport
41
Holistic Athletic Career model has 5 parts to it, what are they?
``` . athletic level . psychological level . psychosocial level . academic and vocational level . financial level ```
42
what are the 4 parts of the athletic level?
initiation 0-10 development 15-20 mastery 20-30 discontinuation 30-35
43
what are the 3 parts of the psychological level?
childhood 0-10 puberty 12- 21 adulthood 21+
44
what are the 4 parts of the psychosocial level?
parents, siblings and peers 0-10 peers, coach and parents 15-20 partner, coach, teammates and student athletes/ students 20-30 family(coach) and peers 30=
45
what are the 4 parts of the academic and vocational level?
primary education 0-10 secondary education 13-18 higher education and (semi) pro athlete 19-30 post athletic career 30+
46
what are the 5 parts of the financial level
family family and sport governing body sport governing body, NOC and sponsors family employer
47
what are the 3 Social Considerations with Athletes?
parents coaches peers
48
what is the influence of parents in the childhood stage?
``` Provide opportunities for participation; Feedback hugely influential on sport enjoyment and perceptions of competence ```
49
what is the influence of parents in the adolescence stage?
Continue to be important for providing opportunities but decreasing value placed on feedback over time
50
what is the influence of parents in the adulthood stage?
Decreased involvement and parents are perceived as less important, but they still provide emotional support
51
what is the influence of coaches in the childhood stage?
Very limited influence beyond enjoyment of opportunities
52
what is the influence of coaches in the adolescence stage?
Importance increases, become significant adult members in life. Conflict with parents possible
53
what is the influence of coaches in the adulthood stage?
Athletes become more responsible for their training and competitions, more equal partnership
54
what is the influence of peers in the childhood stage?
Limited influence beyond a social motive for participation
55
what is the influence of peers in the adolescence stage?
Increasingly valuable for equal relationships and friendships; Shape all aspects of youth (sport) experiences
56
what is the influence of peers in the adulthood stage?
Increased influence of partners | and coach compare to peers

Psychology-Degree (25 decks)

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