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Psychology-Degree > Psychology in youth sport and models > Flashcards

Psychology in youth sport and models Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of sport

A 
Sport: “a regulated form of physical
activity organised as a contest between
two or more participants for the purpose
of determining a winner by fair and
ethical means”
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2
Q

3 Key Factors in Youth Sport Psychology?

A
  1. Youth athletes are not “mini-adults”
  2. Working with young athletes requires a grasp of
    important developmental principles
  3. Young athletes are individuals with unique personal
    characteristics and preferences
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3
Q

Benefits to Psychology in

Youth Sport?

A
  1. Help manage emotions
  2. Cope with stress and pressure
  3. Proactively teaching skills
  4. Enhance positive sports experiences
  5. Aid development of life skills
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4
Q

Barriers to Psychology in

Youth Sport

A
  1. Perceptions of psychology
  2. Lack of understanding
  3. Worry re. peer perceptions
  4. experiences Issues of confidentiality
  5. Resistance from adults
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5
Q

definition of CHILDHOOD

A

A developmental period that occurs in the first decade of life

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6
Q

definition of ADOLESCENCE

A

A developmental period that occurs primarily during the second decade of life

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7
Q

definition of CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

A

Age of child based on year of birth

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8
Q

definition of MATURATION

A

Aspects of development primarily under genetic control, and which are relatively uninfluenced by the environment

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9
Q

definition of DEVELOPMENT

A

The process of change in functioning that occurs as a consequence of maturation and experience

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10
Q

definition of DEVELOPMENTAL AGE

A

Combination of maturation and experience

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11
Q

what is Relative age effect? (RAE)

A

Children born at the same time may mature faster or later in comparison to each other

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12
Q

why is it important to consider RAE in

youth sport?

A
    • Some athletes may be advantaged because they are early mature
    • Some athletes may be advantaged because they are late maturer
    • The chronological differences in the same category lead to certain athletes
      having more experience than others
    • It can lead to huge developmental differences for adolescent athletes
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13
Q

what is the sensorimotor period and what characterises it?

A 
Sensorimotor period (0-2)
– Connect sensory experiences with motor actions
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14
Q

what is the preoperational stage and what characterises it?

A

Preoperational stage (2-7)
– Learn to solve concrete problems
– Egocentric

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15
Q

what is the Concrete Operations stage and what characterises it?

A

Concrete Operations stage (7-11)

– Use logic in thought process

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16
Q

what is the Formal Operations Stage and what characterises it?

A

Formal Operations Stage (11 onwards)
– Learn to reason logically
– Understand realm of possibility
– Understand abstract concepts may exist

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17
Q

What characterises development at adolescence

A

+
– More advanced cognitive reasoning
– Capacity for abstract thought
– Formal-operational thinking (Piaget, 1950)
– Rapid psychological growth
-
– Cannot fully link feelings to events (Vernon, 2002)
– Unlikely to be able to consider all alternatives

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18
Q

what are the Four key concepts for sport?

A

Readiness for Competition

Differentiate effort and ability

Perceptions of competence

Identify formation

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19
Q

What do the Four key concepts for sport entail?

A

1• Psychological capacities to understand competition
2• Influence of normative v individual comparisons
3• Increasingly accurate with age
4• Adolescents striving to develop sense of individualism

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20
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What is Deliberate Play?

A

Deliberate Play characterizes the intentional and voluntary

nature of informal sport games

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21
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What is Deliberate Practice?

A

Deliberate Practice is the
systematic accumulation of
practices requiring effort with the
aim to progress toward excellence.

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22
Q

Development Model of Sport Participation: What does Deliberate Practice entail?

A 
Deliberate practices are described
as difficult, demanding, requiring
repetitions, feedbacks and may
not be immediately pleasant or
rewarding
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23
Q

what is the route for recreational sports?

A
  1. entry to sport
  2. sampling years
  3. Recreational years
24
Q

what is the route for successful professional sports?

A
  1. entry to sport
  2. sampling years
  3. specializing Years
  4. Investment Years
25
Q

what is the route for early specialisation professional sports?

A
  1. entry to sport

2. early Specialization

26
Q

what does sampling years entail?

A
  • Deliberate play(+)
  • Deliberate practice (-)
  • Involvement in several sports
27
Q

what does recreational years entail?

A 
• Deliberate play(+)
• Deliberate
practice (-)
• Activities that
focus on fitness
and health
28
Q

what does specializing Years entail?

A

• Deliberate play and
practice balanced
• Reduce involvement in
several sports

29
Q

what does Early Specialization entail?

A
  • Deliberate play(-)
  • Deliberate practice (+)
  • Focus on one sport
30
Q

what does Investment Years entail?

A
  • Deliberate play(-)
  • Deliberate practice (+)
  • Focus on one sport
31
Q

what is the potential outcome of the recreational route?

A

Potential outcomes :
• Recreational sport
• Physical health (+)
• Enjoyment (+)

32
Q

what is the potential outcome successful professional sports?

A

Potential outcomes :
• Elite performance
• Physical health (+)
• Enjoyment (+)

33
Q

what is the potential outcome early specialisation professional sports?

A

Potential outcomes :
• Elite performance
• Physical health (-)
• Enjoyment (-)

34
Q

what is postulate 1?

A

early diversification (sampling) does not
hinder elite sport participation in sports where peak
performance is reached after maturation

35
Q

what is postulate 2?

A 
early diversification (sampling) is linked to
a longer sport career and has positive implications for
long-term sport involvement
36
Q

what is postulate 3?

A 
early diversification (sampling) allows
participation in a range of contexts that most favourably
affects positive youth development
37
Q

what is postulate 4?

A

high amounts of deliberate play during the sampling years
build a solid foundation of intrinsic motivation through involvement in activities that are enjoyable and promote intrinsic regulation

38
Q

what is postulate 5?

A

a high amount of deliberate play during the sampling years
establishes a range of motor and cognitive experiences that children can ultimately bring to their principal sport of interest

39
Q

what is postulate 6?

A

around the end of primary school (about age 13), children
should have the opportunity to either choose to specialize in their favourite sport or to continue in sport at a recreational level

40
Q

what is postulate 7?

A

late adolescents (around age 16) have developed the physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and motor skills needed to invest their effort into highly specialized training in one sport

41
Q

Holistic Athletic Career model has 5 parts to it, what are they?

A 
. athletic level
. psychological level
. psychosocial level
. academic and vocational level
. financial level
42
Q

what are the 4 parts of the athletic level?

A

initiation 0-10

development 15-20

mastery 20-30

discontinuation 30-35

43
Q

what are the 3 parts of the psychological level?

A

childhood 0-10

puberty 12- 21

adulthood 21+

44
Q

what are the 4 parts of the psychosocial level?

A

parents, siblings and peers 0-10

peers, coach and parents 15-20

partner, coach, teammates and student athletes/ students 20-30

family(coach) and peers 30=

45
Q

what are the 4 parts of the academic and vocational level?

A

primary education 0-10

secondary education 13-18

higher education and (semi) pro athlete 19-30

post athletic career 30+

46
Q

what are the 5 parts of the financial level

A

family

family and sport governing body

sport governing body, NOC and sponsors

family

employer

47
Q

what are the 3 Social Considerations with Athletes?

A

parents
coaches
peers

48
Q

what is the influence of parents in the childhood stage?

A 
Provide opportunities for
participation; Feedback
hugely influential on sport
enjoyment and perceptions
of competence
49
Q

what is the influence of parents in the adolescence stage?

A

Continue to be important for
providing opportunities but
decreasing value placed on
feedback over time

50
Q

what is the influence of parents in the adulthood stage?

A

Decreased involvement and
parents are perceived as less
important, but they still
provide emotional support

51
Q

what is the influence of coaches in the childhood stage?

A

Very limited influence
beyond enjoyment of
opportunities

52
Q

what is the influence of coaches in the adolescence stage?

A

Importance increases, become
significant adult members in
life. Conflict with parents
possible

53
Q

what is the influence of coaches in the adulthood stage?

A

Athletes become more
responsible for their training
and competitions, more equal
partnership

54
Q

what is the influence of peers in the childhood stage?

A

Limited influence beyond a social motive for participation

55
Q

what is the influence of peers in the adolescence stage?

A

Increasingly valuable for equal
relationships and friendships;
Shape all aspects of youth
(sport) experiences

56
Q

what is the influence of peers in the adulthood stage?

A

Increased influence of partners

and coach compare to peers

Psychology-Degree (25 decks)

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