achievement goal theory

Question 1

what is Achievement behaviour

Answer 1

“Behaviour in which the goal is to develop or demonstrate – to self or others – high ability, or to avoid demonstrating low ability.”

Question 2

is the Achievement goal theory a trait, social or interactionist theory?

Answer 2

interactionist theory

Question 3

what are the 4 parts to the Achievement goal theory

Answer 3

1. Achievement goal orientation (dispositional)
2. Motivational climate (situation dependent)
3. Goal involvement
4. Perceived ability

Question 4

what does Achievement goal orientation entail?

Answer 4

• Dispositional tendency to adopt certain goals

* Two orthogonal constructs

Question 5

what are the two orthogonal constructs?

Answer 5

– EGO GOALS

– TASK GOALS

Question 6

what are EGO GOALS?

Answer 6

Normative social comparison:
e.g., losing indicates I am worse than others so I
must have low ability. Therefore winning/being
better than others is my motivation

Question 7

what are TASK GOALS

Answer 7

Focused on personal mastery: e.g.,

Self-improvement and effort indicates ability.

Question 8

what does Motivational climate entail?

Answer 8

The climate (environment)
created by significant others/the situation that
emphasises task or ego goals

Question 9

what is a task involving climate?

Answer 9

If individuals are rewarded and encouraged based on their

individual improvement, effort, and personal development– task-involving climate.

Question 10

what is an ego-involving climate?

Answer 10

If individuals are rewarded and encouraged based on their success relative to others, being better than teammates, or beating opponents – ego-involving climate.

Question 11

Task Climate-Large effects on:

Answer 11

• Perceived Autonomy

* Intrinsic Motivation

Question 12

Task Climate-Moderate effects on:

Answer 12

• Task orientation
• Perceived Competence
• Perceived Relatedness
• Confidence and self esteem
• Positive affects
• Adaptive strategies in
practice/competition
• Flow

Question 13

Ego Climate-Large effects on:

Answer 13

nothing

Question 14

Ego Climate-Moderate effects on:

Answer 14

\+
• Ego orientation
• Perceived Competence (norm-referenced)
• External regulation
-
• Amotivation
• Anti-social behaviours
• Perfectionism

Question 15

Goal involvement- goal an individual adopts in a certain situation is influenced by:

Answer 15

• Their dispositional goal orientation

* The motivational climate

Question 16

What is combined with an individual’s goal involvement which influences motivation and affective outcomes?

Answer 16

their perceived ability

Question 17

What are the two parts of GOAL involvement?

Answer 17

EGO involvement

Task involvement

Question 18

confidence in present ability has two levels, what are they?

Answer 18

+
High
-
Low

Question 19

When GOAL involvement and confidence in present ability combine you get:

Answer 19

BEHAVIOUR PATTERN

Question 20

What are the 2 positives of behaviour pattern?

Answer 20

SEEK CHALLENGE

HIGH
PERSISTANCE

Question 21

What are the 2 negatives of behaviour pattern?

Answer 21

AVOID CHALLENGE

LOW PERSISTANCE

Question 22

when the goal involvement is Task involvement, no matter what the confidence in ability, what will the behaviour pattern be?

Answer 22

positive

Question 23

Predictions from the AGT-Task Involvement:

Answer 23

Positive and adaptive pattern of cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses is likely

Question 24

What does Task involvement lead to?

Answer 24

– Effort, persistence, challenging task choices, intrinsic
motivation

– Positive belief and value structure about sport and the role and purpose of it

Question 25

Research Support-Task involvement: Hard work is a cause of success was observed by:

Answer 25

Duda & Nicholls, 1992

Question 26

Research Support-Task involvement: Sport fosters mastery, cooperation, and social responsibility was observed by:

Answer 26

Harwood et al., 2008

Question 27

Research Support-Task involvement: Greater enjoyment, satisfaction, and intrinsic interest was observed by:

Answer 27

Ntoumanis & Biddle, 1999

Question 28

Research Support-Task involvement: Entering a flow state in sport was observed by:

Answer 28

Jackson & Roberts, 1992

Question 29

When the GOAL involvement is EGO involvement and confidence in present ability is high, the behaviour pattern is:

Answer 29

positive (seek challenge and high persistence)

Question 30

When the GOAL involvement is EGO involvement and confidence in present ability is low, the behaviour pattern is:

Answer 30

negative(avoid challenge and low persistence)

Question 31

Predictions for AGT- Ego involvement

Answer 31

with low perceived ability (which is common):
Negative and maladaptive cognitive patterns and affective
outcomes

Question 32

What does Ego involvement lead to?

Answer 32

• Effort withdrawal, low persistence, avoidance of
  moderately challenging tasks
• Unhealthy attributions of outcomes, greater stress/anxiety
• Tendency toward morally unacceptable behaviours

Question 33

Research Support-Ego involvement, negative outcomes: Belief that high ability and deceptive strategies lead to success was observed by:

Answer 33

Duda & Nicholls, 1992

Question 34

Research Support-Ego involvement, negative outcomes: Purpose of sport revolves around enhancing popularity, wealth, and social status was observed by:

Answer 34

Roberts & Ommundsen, 1996

Question 35

Research Support-Ego involvement, negative outcomes: Negative/no relationship with enjoyment, intrinsic interest, satisfaction was observed by:

Answer 35

Biddle et al., 2003

Question 36

Research Support-Ego involvement, protective role of task goals outcomes: Positive relationship with ego orientation and enjoyment was observed by:

Answer 36

Biddle et al.,

1996

Question 37

what are the 4 weaknesses of the AGT?

Answer 37

1) Goal profiling – grouping athletes as one or other type/combining athletes…?
2) Situational measure of goals?
3) Lack of longitudinal intervention research?
4) More than two goals?