Parents (Year 2) Flashcards
Positive Consequences of Parental involvement?
- Enable children to participate in sport
- Help children reach their potential in sport
- Enhance children’s motivation
- Increase children’s enjoyment
- Strengthen parent-child relationship
- Increase positive development and work-ethic
- Support the development of life skills through sport
Experiences of Parents in Sport?: 101 tennis players and their parents:
- 20% of parents reported negative behaviours in relation to their children’s tennis.
- 60% of these children indicated their parents had embarrassed them by walking away.
- 13% reported their parents had hit them after a match
Experiences of Parents in Sport?: A self-report survey of 189 youth sport parents identified that:
- 14% of parents yelled at or argued with the referees.
- 13% criticised their children’s sport performance.
- 15% of children (from 803) said their parents got angry with them if they did not play well
Experiences of Parents in Sport?: 192 athletes, 412 parents, 145 coaches completed a questionnaire regarding parents’ side line behaviour:
- Coaches, parents and athletes report moderately frequent angry interactions.
- Background anger increases with age.
- Background anger peaks around 16 years of age
Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: coaches
- Undermine coaches
- Interfere in training
- Coach own children
- Question coaches
- Demand too much
Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: Issues for Children?
- Criticise children
- Focus on winning
- Unrealistic expectations
- Conditional love
- Lack of support
Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: Consequences for children?
- Anxiety
- Pressure
- Reduce enjoyment
- Dropout
- Burnout
Parents influence in youth sport?
Providers
Interpreters
Role Models
Parents are influenced by what?
Parents are influenced by society
•Parenting expectations
•Gender expectations
- Parents are influenced by their own education
- Parents are influenced by their own experiences
- Parents are influenced by their family
what are general aspects that affect Parents in sport?
Athletes’ needs and requirements
Coaches’ needs and requirements
Organisers’ needs and requirements
Media portrayal
Perceptions of society expectations
General parenting requirements
young sports context?
- Increasingly professionalised
- High expectations of parents
- Lure of professional career
- Misunderstanding of talent development
- Privatisation of sports clubs
- Financial and time commitment
Expectancy-value Theory: what 3 things lead to Child’s perception and interpretations and what does it lead to?
Leads to it:
Gender role and activity stereotypes
Socializers beliefs and behaviours
Past achievement experiences
leads to:
Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect
Subjective task value
Expectations of success
Expectancy-value Theory: what 3 things lead to Child’s perception and interpretaions sss
Expectancy-value Theory: what leads to Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect?
Socializers beliefs and behaviours
Child’s perception and interpretations
Expectancy-value Theory: what does Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect lead to?
Expectations of success
subjective task value
Expectancy-value Theory: what leads to Achievement behaviours?
Expectations of success
subjective task value
Influence of parents model: what are the 2 factors that are interrelated and serve as the foundation for the model?
Parent, family, neighbourhood characteristics:
education and culture
Child and sibling characteristics:
gender and Birth order
Influence of parents model: Child and sibling characteristics:
gender and Birth order
Parent, family, neighbourhood characteristics:
education and culture
lead to what?
Parents general beliefs and behaviour:
stereotypes and parenting styles (this leads to the one below)
Parents child-specific beliefs: expectations and competency
Influence of parents model: Parents general beliefs and behaviour:
stereotypes and parenting styles
and
Parents child-specific beliefs: expectations and competency lead to what?
Parent-specific behaviours:
Encouragement and Provision of experiences (this leads to the one below)
child outcomes:
self-perceptions, personal values and activity choice
Empathy and attachment model: what leads Parents verbal reactions in youth soccer?
Child’s soccer performance
Parents perceptions: Empathy with child emotional intensity perceived knowledge and experience
Empathy and attachment model: how does Parents verbal reactions in youth soccer?
more supportive ranges from:
Encouragement
performance contingent feedback
instruction
to more controlling:
strike a balance( neutral)
negative comment
derogatory comments
Environmental demands: Factors influencing parents experiences:
Child’s performance and behaviour(performing to their potential, child’s on court behaviour, child’s reaction to the match)
sportsmanship( opponent’s attitude and behaviours, parental involvement in matches)
Parent-parent interactions(social opportunities and Parent disputes)
Tournament context(tournament organization and focus on ranking points)
Environmental demands: Suggestions for improving parents experiences:
Providing education and support for players(teach players coping skills, educate players regarding sportsmanship)
Providing education and support for parents(provide education regarding tournament involvement, psychological support to help parents cope at tournaments, provide social opportunities for parents)
Organisational changes(organisational enforcement of rules, more umpires)
