Parents (Year 2)

Question 1

Positive Consequences of Parental involvement?

Answer 1

• Enable children to participate in sport
• Help children reach their potential in sport
• Enhance children’s motivation
• Increase children’s enjoyment
• Strengthen parent-child relationship
• Increase positive development and work-ethic
• Support the development of life skills through sport

Question 2

Experiences of Parents in Sport?: 101 tennis players and their parents:

Answer 2

• 20% of parents reported negative behaviours in relation to their children’s tennis.
• 60% of these children indicated their parents had embarrassed them by walking away.
• 13% reported their parents had hit them after a match

Question 3

Experiences of Parents in Sport?: A self-report survey of 189 youth sport parents identified that:

Answer 3

• 14% of parents yelled at or argued with the referees.
• 13% criticised their children’s sport performance.
• 15% of children (from 803) said their parents got angry with them if they did not play well

Question 4

Experiences of Parents in Sport?: 192 athletes, 412 parents, 145 coaches completed a questionnaire regarding parents’ side line behaviour:

Answer 4

• Coaches, parents and athletes report moderately frequent angry interactions.
• Background anger increases with age.
• Background anger peaks around 16 years of age

Question 5

Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: coaches

Answer 5

• Undermine coaches
• Interfere in training
• Coach own children
• Question coaches
• Demand too much

Question 6

Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: Issues for Children?

Answer 6

• Criticise children
• Focus on winning
• Unrealistic expectations
• Conditional love
• Lack of support

Question 7

Detrimental Consequences of Parental Involvement?: Consequences for children?

Answer 7

• Anxiety
• Pressure
• Reduce enjoyment
• Dropout
• Burnout

Question 8

Parents influence in youth sport?

Answer 8

Providers

Interpreters

Role Models

Question 9

Parents are influenced by what?

Answer 9

Parents are influenced by society
•Parenting expectations
•Gender expectations

• Parents are influenced by their own education
• Parents are influenced by their own experiences
• Parents are influenced by their family

Question 10

what are general aspects that affect Parents in sport?

Answer 10

Athletes’ needs and requirements

Coaches’ needs and requirements

Organisers’ needs and requirements

Media portrayal

Perceptions of society expectations

General parenting requirements

Question 11

young sports context?

Answer 11

• Increasingly professionalised
• High expectations of parents
• Lure of professional career
• Misunderstanding of talent development
• Privatisation of sports clubs
• Financial and time commitment

Question 12

Expectancy-value Theory: what 3 things lead to Child’s perception and interpretations and what does it lead to?

Answer 12

Leads to it:

Gender role and activity stereotypes

Socializers beliefs and behaviours

Past achievement experiences

leads to:

Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect

Subjective task value

Expectations of success

Question 12

Expectancy-value Theory: what 3 things lead to Child’s perception and interpretaions sss

Question 13

Expectancy-value Theory: what leads to Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect?

Answer 13

Socializers beliefs and behaviours

Child’s perception and interpretations

Question 14

Expectancy-value Theory: what does Child’s goals, self-schemas, and affect lead to?

Answer 14

Expectations of success

subjective task value

Question 15

Expectancy-value Theory: what leads to Achievement behaviours?

Answer 15

Expectations of success

subjective task value

Question 16

Influence of parents model: what are the 2 factors that are interrelated and serve as the foundation for the model?

Answer 16

Parent, family, neighbourhood characteristics:
education and culture

Child and sibling characteristics:
gender and Birth order

Question 17

Influence of parents model: Child and sibling characteristics:
gender and Birth order

Parent, family, neighbourhood characteristics:
education and culture

lead to what?

Answer 17

Parents general beliefs and behaviour:
stereotypes and parenting styles (this leads to the one below)

Parents child-specific beliefs: expectations and competency

Question 18

Influence of parents model: Parents general beliefs and behaviour:
stereotypes and parenting styles

and

Parents child-specific beliefs: expectations and competency lead to what?

Answer 18

Parent-specific behaviours:
Encouragement and Provision of experiences (this leads to the one below)

child outcomes:
self-perceptions, personal values and activity choice

Question 19

Empathy and attachment model: what leads Parents verbal reactions in youth soccer?

Answer 19

Child’s soccer performance

Parents perceptions: Empathy with child emotional intensity perceived knowledge and experience

Question 20

Empathy and attachment model: how does Parents verbal reactions in youth soccer?

Answer 20

more supportive ranges from:

Encouragement

performance contingent feedback

instruction

to more controlling:

strike a balance( neutral)

negative comment

derogatory comments

Question 21

Environmental demands: Factors influencing parents experiences:

Answer 21

Child’s performance and behaviour(performing to their potential, child’s on court behaviour, child’s reaction to the match)

sportsmanship( opponent’s attitude and behaviours, parental involvement in matches)

Parent-parent interactions(social opportunities and Parent disputes)

Tournament context(tournament organization and focus on ranking points)

Question 22

Environmental demands: Suggestions for improving parents experiences:

Answer 22

Providing education and support for players(teach players coping skills, educate players regarding sportsmanship)

Providing education and support for parents(provide education regarding tournament involvement, psychological support to help parents cope at tournaments, provide social opportunities for parents)

Organisational changes(organisational enforcement of rules, more umpires)