Cultural considerations (year 2) Flashcards
Unpacking the bioecological systems theory: The Microsystem
- Things that have direct contact with a child/person in their immediate environment
- Parents, siblings, teachers and school peers.
- Relationships in a microsystem are bi-directional
Unpacking the bioecological systems theory: The mesosystem
- Interactions between the child’s microsystems
- Highlight the interconnection between microsystems and influence on each other.
- Essentially, a mesosystem is a system of microsystems.
Unpacking the bioecological systems theory: The exosystem
- Formal and informal social structures, which do not themselves contain the child, but indirectly influence them as they affect one of the microsystems.
- These are environments in which the child is not involved, and are external to their experience, but nonetheless affects them anyway.
Unpacking the bioecological systems theory: The macrosystem
- How cultural elements affect a child’s development
- Culture that individuals are immersed within may influence their beliefs and perceptions about events
- Differs to ecosystems as is does not refer to the specific environments of one developing child, but the already established society and culture which the child is developing in.
Unpacking the bioecological systems theory: The chronosystem
- All of the environmental changes that occur over the lifetime which influence development, including major life transitions, and historical events.
- These can include normal life transitions such as starting school but can also include non-normative life transitions such as parents getting a divorce or having to move to a new house.
What is The Process-Person-Context-Time Model?
Process: Proximal processes are the primary mechanism for development, through complex reciprocal interactions between person and environment
Person: Demand, Resource and force characteristics of individual will influence interactions
Contexts: These are the five systems – recognizing development happens in all and is influenced by allTime: Micro, meso and macro/chrono
Considering and Understanding the Influence of Culture:
Cultural Studies: general study of culture, the interstudy of intercultural relations, study of cultural production and consumption as a form of cultural critique
Culture and Multicultural psychology includes:
- Race, ethnicity, gender, language, spirituality, sexuality, and physicality
Considering and Understanding the Influence of Culture: Key considerations?
- Everyone has varying cultural identifies that mix and influence who you are (intersectionality)
- Power relations are always at play – someone makes the rules, someone is left out
- Action and advocacy are required; must demand action for social justice
Gender:
- Clear influence in society
- Continued perception of sex differences
- Evidence is less convincing
- How people THINK males and females differ more important
Impact of Gender Stereotyping:
- Parents hold gender-stereotyped videos about sport
- Engage in gender-typed behaviours
- Boys perceive higher competence, value, and participation
Examples of Gender Stereotyping?
- When girls described the best sport for boys, the three most common responses included: (a) because it is a contact/physical sport, (b) boys like it, and (c) girls cannot handle it.
- When girls described the best sport for girls, they reported: (a) because it is noncontact/ physical sport, (b) girls are flexible, and (c) girls like it.
- When boys described the best sport for boys, the three most common responses included: (a) because it is a contact/physical sport, (b) boys like it, and (c) girls cannot play.
- When boys described the best sport for girls, the three most common responses included: (a) because it is a noncontact/physical sport, (b) girls are flexible, and (c) it is a girl sport.
Race and Ethnicity?
- Racial and ethnic minorities experience stress from discrimination, stereotypes, conformity pressures
- Need to understand impact of stereotypes and stereotype threat
Coping with Minority Stress:
- Stressors can be distal or proximal (proximal being expectations of rejection and discrimination, concealing one’s stigmatizing identity, and internalised stigma).
- The accumulation of stress events and processes throughout the lifespan ultimately lead to reduced physical and mental health.
proposed that practitioners intervene and offer coping strategies at two different levels: at the personal level and the group level
Sports Participation and Income: benefits: Social?
- Relationships with coaches
- Making new friends
- Teamwork and Social skills
Sports Participation and Income: benefits: Personal:
- Emotional control
- Exploration
- Confidence
- Discipline
- Academic performance
- Weight management
- Keeping busy
