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Psychology-Degree > Participation motives and attrition > Flashcards

Participation motives and attrition Flashcards

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1
Q

why is motivation key?

A

Motivation in sport is the key determinant
behind every action taken and every effort
exerted

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2
Q

What is motivation?

A

The direction and intensity of one’s effort

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3
Q

what are the 4 aspects of motivation?

A 
– Direction of effort
• What are you doing?
– Intensity of effort
• How hard are you trying?
– Persistence of effort 
• How long you do something for?
– Quality of effort 
• Doing your best work?
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4
Q

what are the 3 theories of motivation?

A 
1. Trait/Person-centred
• Something that you are born with
2. Situation/Environment-centred
• Something that is required by a
situation
3. Interactionist perspective
• Combination of the above
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5
Q

what is the Person-centred assessment of

motivation

A

Focus primarily on the characteristics of the individual (e.g., this person is
hardworking, this person is bright)

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6
Q

what is the Situation-centred assessment of

motivation

A

Motivated behaviour is primarily determined by the characteristics of the
situation (e.g., There is an exam coming up, so I better work hard)

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7
Q

what is the Interactionist assessment of

motivation?

A

To understand motivated behaviour we need to account for the interaction
between the person and the situation (e.g., this person is smart and there is
an exam coming up, so they will be motivated to study)

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8
Q

what are the 2 parts of an interactionist approach?

A

personal factors

situational factors

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9
Q

what are the situational factors?

A
  • Coach style
  • Facility attractiveness
  • Win-loss record
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10
Q

what are the Personal factors?

A
  • Personality
  • Needs
  • Interests
  • Goals
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11
Q

personal factors and situational factors results in person-by-situation interaction, but what does that lead to?

A

Participation Motivation

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12
Q

what are the 5 main sources of motivation in youth sport

A
  • Relationships and friendships
  • Enjoyment/Fun/ Excitement
  • Physical sensations
  • Competence
  • Develop fitness
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13
Q

what are the 4 early adolescents motives?

A 
social status?
Encouragement from parents/Pleasing
parents
Encouragement from peers/pleasing
friends
Liking the coach
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14
Q

what are the 4 late adolescents motives?

A

Social Status?
Skills and Fitness
Excitement
Challenge

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15
Q

what are the most important sources of motives Motivation by Age.

A
  1. Enjoyment
  2. physical motives
  3. competitive
  4. skill motives
  5. social reasons
  6. social visibility
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16
Q

children’s reasons for participation in general

A 
Enjoyment
• I participate because it’s fun
• I like the physical sensation associated with participating
• Competence
• I participate because I’m successful
• I like feeling that I am improving
• Affiliation
• I participate because my friends do
17
Q

Sport motives by gender

A

• Males typically receive more financial and logistical support for sport participation
• Expectations on male and female sport participation continue to differ
• Females place greater emphasis on social aspects, fitness, fun, weight control and
physical appearance than males
• Males motivated by competition more than females

18
Q

what are the 3 main reasons specializers perform the sport?

A

staying in shape
learn/improve
feel competent about ability

19
Q

what are the 3 main reasons non-specializers perform the sport?

A

to win
do something they’re good at
play as a team

20
Q

What is Attrition?

A

The prolonged absence of systematic practice and competition, either in one sport or all sports

21
Q

what are the 3 types of drop outs through Attrition in sport

A
  1. ‘Reluctant dropouts’
  2. ‘Voluntary dropouts’
  3. ‘Resistant dropouts’
22
Q

what is ‘Reluctant dropouts’

A

forced to quit

23
Q

what is ‘Voluntary dropouts’

A

leave sport because they want to engage in other activities

24
Q

what is ‘Resistant dropouts’

A

who consider the costs of participation in
competitive sport to be greater than the benefits of being
involved

25
Q

what are 3 main reasons for attrition in sport amongst specializers

A

Lack of time (school/work)
Lost interest
Lack of fun

26
Q

what are 2 main reasons for attrition in sport amongst non-specializers

A

Lack of time (school/time)

Lost interest

27
Q

what are the 3 main significant others that can lead to attrition

A
  1. coach
  2. teammates
  3. friends
28
Q

what are the reasons for attrition?

A
  • Injury
  • The attraction of other activities
  • Lack of success
  • Lack of playing time
  • Lack of teamwork
  • Not meeting new friends
  • Needing to get a job
  • Inconvenient game/practice schedules
  • Needing more time to study
  • Excessive focus on competition
  • Pressure and anxiety
  • Negative coaching or parents…
29
Q

What are developmental differences that lead to attrition?

A 
. Attraction to other activities
. Reduced playing time
. Overemphasis on winning
. Reduced success
. Not meeting new friends
30
Q

What is sport commitment?

A

a psychological construct representing the desire and

resolve to continue (persist) in an endeavour over time

31
Q

what are the 6 factors that affect sports commitment?

A
  • Sport enjoyment
  • Valuable opportunities
  • Other priorities
  • Personal investment
  • Social constraints
  • Social support
32
Q

what does sport enjoyment mean?

A

the positive feelings from sport such as pleasure, fun, liking, or loving the experience (the most influential factor effecting commitment)

33
Q

what does Valuable opportunities mean?

A

valued opportunities that would be missed if sport participation is discontinued

34
Q

what does Other priorities mean?

A

other priorities which playing sport makes difficult, or impossible, to do

35
Q

what does Personal investment mean?

A

resources invested in the sport that cannot be recovered if

participation is discontinued

36
Q

what does Social constraints mean?

A

(feeling obligated) social expectations or norms that create feelings of obligation to continue in sport

37
Q

what does Social support mean?

A

perceptions of support and encouragement from significant others

Psychology-Degree (25 decks)

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