The Scientific Method Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
Performing experiments to confirm or deny a hypothesis, based on a observation
Outline the 7 steps involved in the scientific method
1)observation
2)hypothesis
3)experimentation
4)collection of data
5)conclusion
6)relating the conclusion to existing knowledge
7)reporting and publishing results
What is observation?
Our senses or using equipment
What is a hypothesis?
Prediction to provide a possible explanation to observation
What is experimentation?
Test hypothesis
What is collection of data?
Information recorded and analysed
What is conclusion?
Supports or contradicts (true or false)
What is reporting and publishing results?
1)Allows new information made widely available
2)allows peer review
Where are results reported in?
Scientific journals/scientific magazines
What is a theory?
Hypothesis vastly supported by evidence
What is a principle/law?
Stood the test of time and tire under all condition
Define proper design?
Independent variable (factor you change) and a dependant variable (factor you measure)
Fixed variables remain the same
What is a control in an experiment?
Comparison against the actual experiment
What is meant by bias in scientific experiments?
Steps taken that may influence the results
How can bias be avoided?
1)sample size
2)random selection
3)replication
4)double blind testing
What is sample size?
The largest sample possible to avoid bias and ensure statistical liability
What is random selection?
Selection of test subjects should be random to avoid bias
What is replication?
Repeated by other to ensure liability of data to avoid bias
What is double blind testing?
Test subject and tester doesn’t know who is receiving the actual drug or placebo
What is a placebo?
Tablet that has no medicinev
Why are placebos used?
Rules out psychological effects
What are the limitations of the scientific method? (5)
1)extent of knowledge
2)basis of investigation
3)interpretations of results
4)changes in natural world
5)accidental discoveries
What is meant by ethics in science?
Right or wrong (morally)
Give examples of ethics in science
Genetic screening, abortion and contraception
