Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Variation, Evolution And Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Variation, Evolution And Genetic Engineering Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define the term species?

A

Group of organisms which are similar in structure that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define variation?

A

Differences which occur between individuals within a population of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 2 types of variation?

A

Genetic and acquired variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State a reason why we are genetically different?

A

Gametes formed by meiosis as they are not genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a mutation?

A

amount or structure of DNA in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a mutagen?

A

Chemical or agent that causes cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of mutations?

A

Gene mutations (sickle cell anaemia)
Chromosome mutation (Down syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is genetic screening?

A

Genetic scanning involves testing persons DNA for the presence of a sense or abnormal or faulty genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the advantages of genetic screening?

A

Give parents time to prepare
Has a role in IVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give the disadvantages of genetic screening?

A

More abortions
Medical record history cons lead to discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define evolution?

A

Living things change genetically by natural selection produce new species over long periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who are the people credited for the theory of evolution?

A

Darwin and Wallace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What observations where made that led to the theory of natural selection?

A

1.Organisms overbreed
2.Population numbers of species remain the same
3.Genetic variation exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Outline the theory of natural selection

A

-Not all organisms survive there must be competition cause of scarce resources
-Genetic variation exists and organism better adapt to environment making more likely to survive to the reproduce more offspring with beneficial traits
-long periods of time more new species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name one pieces of evidence that evolution took place?

A

Fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how fossils show evidence for evolution?

A

Older fossils show many changes then modern fossils
Modern fossils have increased complexity
Liked to environmental change

17
Q

Define genetic engineering?

A

Artificial manipulation and alternation of genes

18
Q

Give 3 applications of genetic engineering

A

Microorganisms, Plants and animals

19
Q

How are microorganism part of genetic engineering?

A

Genetically modified bacteria can produce insulin for diabetics

20
Q

How are plants part of genetic engineering?

A

Genetically modified crops resistant to weed killer

21
Q

How are animals part of genetic engineering?

A

Sheep can produce a blood clotting factor for haemophiliacs

22
Q

Name the 5 stages of genetic engineering

A

1.Isolation
2.Cutting/restrictions
3.Insertion/ligation
4.Transformation
5.Expression

23
Q

What occurs in isolation?

A

Chromosome containing desired gene extracted (the plasmid is extracted from a bacterium cell)

24
Q

What occurs in cutting/restriction?

A

Plasmid desired gene is cut with the same restriction enzyme

25
Q

What occurs in insertion/ligation?

A

Insulin in desired gene is inserted into the plasmid loop
DNA ligase enzyme is used to join the sticky ends and forms a recombinant DNA

26
Q

What occurs in transformation?

A

Recombinant DNA is placed back into a bacterium a new base sequence which multiply rapidly in a bioreactor

27
Q

What occurs in expression?

A

Produced,isolated and purified

28
Q

What is a plasmid loop?

A

Circular loop of DNA found in some bacteria cells is widely used in genetic engineering

29
Q

Use of plasmids in genetic engineering?

A

Used as vectors, carry the desired gene in to bacteria or organism being genetically modified

30
Q

Give the advantages of genetic engineering?

A

1.Insulin for diabetics
2.weed killer resistant crops
3.produce blood clotting factor for haemophiliacs

31
Q

Give the disadvantages of genetic engineering

A

1.welfare of genetically modified animals
2.vegetarians eating plants with animals genes
3.weeds could obtain weed killer resistant gene (uncontrollable growth of weeds)

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions