Enzymes And Metabolism

Question 1

What is a metabolism?

Answer 1

Sum of all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism controlled by enzymes

Question 2

Name the two types of metabolic pathways

Answer 2

Catabolic and Anabolic

Question 3

What happens in a catabolic reaction?

Answer 3

Breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules releasing energy

Question 4

Give examples of catabolic reactions

Answer 4

Respiration and digestion

Question 5

What happens in an anabolic reaction?

Answer 5

Uses energy to convert simpler molecules to more complex molecules

Question 6

Give examples of anabolic reactions

Answer 6

1.Photosynthesis In plants
2.Protein synthesis in all living things

Question 7

What is the equation for catabolic reactions ?

Answer 7

A——>B+C+energy

Question 8

Write the equation for an anabolic reaction

Answer 8

A+B+Energy——>C

Question 9

What is an enzyme?

Answer 9

Globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 10

What is the chemical nature of enzymes?

Answer 10

Are proteins

Question 11

Where are enzymes manufactured?

Answer 11

In the ribosome

Question 12

What shape are enzymes?

Answer 12

Globular (folded) shape

Question 13

Why is the enzyme that shape?

Answer 13

Increases surface area

Question 14

Give examples of catabolic enzymes?

Answer 14

1.Amylase
2.Lipase
3.Pepsin (protease)

Question 15

Give examples of anabolic enzyme

Answer 15

1.DNA polymerase
2.RNA polymerase
3.DNA ligase

Question 16

What is a substrate?

Answer 16

What enzymes react with

Question 17

What is a product?

Answer 17

Substance formed after the enzyme-substrate reaction

Question 18

What are active sites?

Answer 18

Areas on the enzyme to which complementary substrates attach

Question 19

How are enzymes complementary/specific to substrates?

Answer 19

Each enzyme only binds to and reacts with a certain one substrate

Question 20

Give an account of the model by which enzymes work

Answer 20

1.Complementary substrate collides with enzymes active sites
2.Active sites mould around the substrate, forking a temporary structure called an enzyme-substrate complex
3.reaction takes place and product is formed. the active sites return to normal and the enzyme is unchanged

Question 21

What is he name of the model which enzymes work “

Answer 21

Induced fit model/active site theory

Question 22

What is a denatured enzyme?

Answer 22

1.Enzyme that no longer works
2.Shape of active sites have changed and become distorted
3.Substrate can no longer attach to active sites

Question 23

Give two factors that affect the shape of an active sit of an enzyme?

Answer 23

1.Temperature (very high)
2.pH

Question 24

What do chemicals cause to active sites shape?

Answer 24

Cause inhibitors also affect the shape of an enzymes active sites

Question 25

What levels do enzymes work best at?

Answer 25

pH of 6-8 (neutral)

Question 26

What is meant by optimum pH?

Answer 26

pH at which an enzyme works best,converting substrate into product at the highest rate

Question 27

How does vinegar help preserve certain foods (exp:pickled onions)?

Answer 27

1.Vinegar is an acid with a low pH
2.Bacterial enzymes denature and they die or cannot multiply

Question 28

Where in mammals can high amounts of catalase be found?

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

Name a plant in which there are high amounts of catalase?

Answer 29

Celery

Question 30

What group of bio molecules do enzymes belong too?

Answer 30

Protein

Question 31

What is bio processing/industrial fermentation?

Answer 31

Using micro organisms enzymes to make useful products

Question 32

What is a immobilised enzyme?

Answer 32

Enzyme fixed or trapped in an unsolvable support

Question 33

Two advantages of immobilised enzymes?

Answer 33

1.Gives a more pure product
2.enzyme can be re-used

Question 34

Where does bio processing take place?

Answer 34

1.Takes place Vessel called a bioreactor
2.immobilised enzyme is fed into the bioreactor and removed when product is formed

Question 35

What is a bioreactor?

Answer 35

Vessel in which enzymes are used to make useful products

Question 36

Name two ways that enzymes can be immobilised?

Answer 36

1.Trapping a gel (sodium alginate add calcium chloride)
2.Chemically binding enzyme together

Question 37

Give a use in industry of using an I,mobilised enzyme in industry namming the substrate enzyme and product?

Answer 37

1.immobilised year enzyme convert into glucose into ethanol
2.used in alcoholic drinks

Question 38

Give a use in industry of using an I,mobilised enzyme in industry namming the substrate enzyme and product?

Answer 38

1.immobilised year enzyme convert into glucose into ethanol
2.used in alcoholic drinks