Bacteria Monera Flashcards
What kingdom does bacteria belong too?
Monera
What are main features of members of kingdom monera?
1)Prokaryotic
2)unicellular
3Reproduction is asexual
What features do all bacteria have?
1)DNA
2)Cell membrane
3)Cell wall
4)Cytoplasm
5)Ribosome
What does DNA do?
Code for protein
What does a cell membrane do?
1)Semipermeable to allow diffusion and osmosis
2)provide structure and support
What does the cell wall do?
Keeps cell turgid to prevent bursting
What does cytoplasm do?
Suspend cell parts
What does the ribosome do?
Make protein
What features do some bacteria have?
1)capsule
2)plasmid loop
3)flagellum
What does the capsule in bacteria do?
Slime layer for protection
What does a plasmid loop do in bacteria?
Role in antibiotic resistance
What does flagellum do?
Help bacteria swim
Name one way to classify bacteria
Bacteria is classified on their shape
Name 3 bacteria shapes
1)spherical
2)rods
3)spiral
Give an example of spherical bacteria
Stroptococcus (sore throat)
Give an example of rods bacteria
Tetanus (dog bites)
Give an example of spiral bacteria
Syphilis
What name is given to the way which bacteria produces?
Binary fission
How does binary fission occurs
1)DNA replication occurrs in parent cell
2)Cell elongates and each chromosome moves to each end of cell
3)Cell splits and forms two identical daughter cells
What are endospores?
Dormant tough walled structure that forms in adverse conditions to survive
What will happen to endospores in harsh conditions?
Bacteria will die in
Examples of harsh/adverse conditions?
Extreme temperature and extreme ph
Describe how endospores forms in bacteria?
1)DNA replication occurs
2)In adverse conditions endospores forms the rest of the bacteria died
3)Endospores remains dormant
4)Conditions become suitable new cell forms
What are the two nutritions in bacteria?
Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
How does heterotrophic get nutrition (food)
Takes food from other organisms
Does not make its own food
How does autotrophic get nutrition (food)
Make its own food using source of energy
Examples of heterotrophic bacteria
1)Saprophytes
2)parasites
How do saprophytes get nutrition (food)
Feed on dead orgnaic matter
Examples of autotrophic bacteria
1)Photosynthesis
2)Chemosynthetic
How does photosynthesis get nutrition (food)
Use light to make food
How does chemosynthesis get nutrition (food)
Use chemical reactions to make its own food
Give example of saphrophytes bacteria
Bacteria of decay
Give an example of parasite bacteria
Streptococcus (sore throat)
Give an example of photosynthesis bacteria
Purple sulfur bacteria
Give an example of chemosynthetic bacteria
Nitrifying bacteria
What are some factors that affect bacteria growth
1)temperature
2)pH
3)oxygen concentration
4)concentration of growing meduim
5)pressure
How does temperature affect bacteria growth?
Enzyme action is low and growth is slow
Enzyme become denatured the bacteria then dies
How does pH affect bacteria growth
Unsuitable pH the enzymes become denatured then
What is optimum pH?
7
How does oxygen concentration affect bacteria growth
Aerobic bacteria requires oxygen
Anaerobic bacteria does not require oxygen
What are the two anaerobic bacteria’s?
1) Obligate anaerobes
2) Facultative anaerobes
Can obligate anaerobes survive in oxygen?
Cannot survive in oxygen
Give an example of obligate anaerobes
Tetanus
Can facultative anaerobes survive in oxygen
Can survive with or without oxygen
Give an example of facultative anaerobes
E. Coli
How does concentration of growing medium affect bacteria growth ?
Salty/sugary solution
Fresh water solution
(Osmosis)
Name the phases that occur in the growth curve of bacteria
1)Lag phase
2)Log phase
3)Stationary Phase
4)Decline/Death phase
5) Death or survival phase
How does pressure affect bacteria growth?
High pressure can destroy cell walls
Give an example of a machine with high pressure which can affect bacteria growth
Autoclave kills bacteria due to the pressure
What is the lag phase?
Little increase in numbers
Bacteria is adapting to its environment
What is the log phase?
Rapid increase in numbers
Why do numbers increase in the log phase?
Plenty of food, water, space and oxygen
Not much waste or competition
What is the stationary phase?
No increase or decrease in numbers
Death rate = reproductive rate
What is the decline/death phase?
Numbers decrease the death rate becomes greater then reproductive rate
What is the death or survival phase?
Most bacteria die some survive as endospores
Why do numbers decrease in stationary and decline/death stage?
Lack of food, water, space and oxygen
Build up of waste and competition
What are antibiotics?
Substance produced by micro organisms that kill other micro organisms
Example of anti bioticsc
Penicillin
Why will antibiotics not be prescribed to a person suffering from cold or flu like symptoms?
Caused by viruses
antibiotics have no effect on viruses
What are anti biotic resistant bacteria?
Bacteria not effected by antibiotics
What feature is present in a bacteria cell plays a role in antibiotic resistance
Plasmids
Overuse of antibiotics result in an increase growth of antibiotic resistance bacteria why?
Mutations to antibiotic resistance bacteria have developed
Antibiotic resistance bacteria have no competition reproduce rapidly
How is a person more likely to pick up an infection in hospital?
Where many antibiotic are being used only bacteria strains that can survive
What is bio processing
Bio processing is the use of bacterial enzymes to produce foods
What are the two bio processing methods
1)Batch culture
2)Continuous flow
What is batch culture?
Fixed amount of nutrient and bacteria added left for a period of time before product is removed
What is continuous flow?
New nutrient is constantly added product is constantly removed
What phase is the bacteria kept in during batch culture?
Lag, log stationary and decline phase
What phase is bacteria kept in continuous flow?
Log phase
What is the advantage of batch culture bio processing?
Easy to maintain
What is the disadvantage of batch culture bio processing?
Needs to be purified
What is the advantage of continuous flow bio processing?
Purity is higher
What is the disadvantage of continuous flow bio processing?
Difficult to maintain
What are the benefits of economic importance of bacteria?
1)Bio processing (antibiotic and dairy foods)
2)genetic engineering (insulin for diabetes)
What are the disadvantages of economic importance of bacteria?
1)Can cause disease(tetanus and syphilis)
2)food decay
What concentration of growing medium do most bacteria live in?
Lower concentrations solutions.
