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World Studies Honors > The Russian Revolution > Flashcards

The Russian Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
Duma

A
  • Russian Parliament
  • legislative body
  • constituted the imperial Russian legislature from 1906- March 1917
  • established by Czar Nicholas II
  • was dissolved shortly after its establishment
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2
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
Nicholas II

A
  • Czar of Russia 1891-1917
  • last Czar of Russia
  • forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution
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3
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
October Manifesto

A
  • solutions/ reforms put in place in Russia by Czar Nicholas II as result of the many problems occurring in Russia
  • Czar promised freedoms
  • Czar established duma
  • Czar appointed Peter Stolypin as Prime Minister
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4
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
Pogrom

A
  • large problem in Russia under leadership of Czar Nicholas II
  • mob attacks against Jews
  • restricted where Jews could live
  • restricted where Jews could be employed
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5
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
Revolution of 1905

A
  • workers striked
  • peasants revolted
  • cries of nationalists
  • assassinations of public officials
  • these resulted in Czar Nicholas II to be forced into sweeping reforms
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6
Q

RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY
Zemstvo

A
  • locally elected government (didn’t work)
  • part of the sweeping reforms in Russia as result of internal problems
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7
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Bolsheviks

A
  • group of revolutionary Russian Marxists
  • took control of Russia’s government (November 1917)
  • seized power in Moscow
  • forced to consolidate their control of the Russian government
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8
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
command economy

A
  • government makes all economic decisions
  • production, investment, prices, and incomes
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9
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Five Year Plan(s)

A
  • Stalin’s economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI
  • command economy (government makes all economic decisions)
  • build heavy industry (transportation and increase farm output)
  • agriculture (brought under government control)
  • collectives (large farms owned and operated by groups of peasants
  • Kulaks (wealthy peasants were sent to labor camps)
  • Stalin;s agricultural policies lead to terrible famine (as many as 8 million people starved to death)
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10
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The Great Purge

A
  • A campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin’s power
  • Stalin’s attacks on anyone in the party/army he saw as a threat (eventually happened to ordinary citizens)
  • given “show trials” where people were executed or sent to labor camps
  • 4 million deaths
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11
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Holodomor

A
  • Stalin’s agricultural policies that lead to terrible famine
  • 8 million deaths
  • known as “death by starvation” in Ukraine
  • USSR starved people of Ukraine
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12
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Alexander Kerensky

A
  • replacement of Czar Nicholas II after Revolutions of 1917
  • led a provisional government
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13
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
V.I. Lenin

A
  • first leader of the Soviet Union
  • brother of assassin Aleksandr Ulyanov who plotted against Alexander III
  • USSR
  • established New Economic Policy (NEP)
  • showed some success
  • industrial output increased
  • adapted Marxist thought to better fit the needs and conditions in Russia
  • Supreme Soviet –> elected legislature
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14
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
March Revolution

A

Romanov dynasty was removed from power after 300 years of rule and replaced with the provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky

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15
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
NEP

A
  • New Economic Policy
  • government retained control of major industries and financial institutions BUT small businesses were allowed to operate for profit
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16
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
November Revolution

A
  • Lenin and Bolshevik followers overthrew provisional government and took over the Russian government
  • Treaty of Brest- Litovsk (March 1918)
  • Bolsheviks seized power in Moscow
  • land reform
  • workers in control of production
17
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
proletariat

A
  • working class
18
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Rasputin

A
  • Russian peasant monk who was able to influence Russian politics
19
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
soviets

A
  • A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.
20
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Josef Stalin

A
  • “man of steel”
  • leader of USSR
  • battled for power against Leon Trotsky after Lenin died
  • gained control of party infrastructure and leadership–> used this to defeat his rival claimants to the head of the USSR
  • first goal of industrialization
  • created the 5 year plan(s)
  • caused Holodomor
  • died in 1953
  • left no official procedure for a successor
21
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

A
  • treaty that ended Russia’s fighting with Germany
  • treaty stating the withdrawal of Russia from WWI.
22
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Leon Trotsky

A
  • Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army
  • opponent to power against Stalin after Lenin died
23
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Whites

A

Anti-communists

24
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
reds

A

communists

25
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
What impact did the March Revolution (1917) have on the Russian government?

A
  • a provisional government was created
  • first Soviets (worker’s councils) set up
26
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
What happened after the November Revolution?

A
  • the Russian Civil War erupted
27
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
How did the Bolsheviks gain complete control of Russia?

A
  • The Bolsheviks took advantage of the political and social situation in 1917 to seize power during the Russian Revolution.
28
Q

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
What was the political and social atmosphere of the USSR like under Stalin’s rule?

A
  • NEP was created
  • showed success
  • industrial output increased
  • more stable financially
29
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
What problems led to the collapse of the USSR?

A
  • failure of collective agriculture
  • scarcity of consumer goods
  • Runaway Reforms
  • Chernobyl (nuclear accident)
  • Afghanistan
30
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
Mikhail Gorbachev?

A
  • began reforms in USSR
  • glasnost (openness)
  • perestroika (restructuring)
  • shortages, inflation, factories closing, unemployment, some Soviet reps. leaving USSR, conflict with hard-liners
  • failed coup attempt in August 1991 for Gorbachev to “restore order”
  • USSR disintegrated as other Soviet Republics declared their independence
  • December 25th 1991 Gorbachev resigned
  • USSR was gone
31
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
Glasnost

A
  • “openness”
  • refers to lessening of hard-line Soviet censorship, secrecy
  • open the government to debate, and criticism
32
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
Perestroika

A
  • “restructuring”
  • restructuring of government and economy
  • some free market ideas mixed with essence of communism
  • led to shortages, inflation, factories closing, unemployment, some Soviet reps. leaving USSR, conflict with hard-liners
33
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
Boris Yeltsin

A
  • president of Russia
  • first president of Russian Federation after dissolution of USSR
  • problems
    - change to market economy, inflation, unemployment, crime, terrorism, debt crisis, conflict with West, yearning for “good old days”
34
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
Vladimir Putin

A
  • president of Russia after resignation of Yeltsin
  • former member of KGB
  • returned “law and order”
  • rebuilt economy
  • constitutional term limits forced Putin into retirement
35
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
What positive impacts did Putin have on Russia?

A

returned “law and order”
- real income increased by 250%
- real wages more than tripled
- unemployment and poverty cut in half
- “life satisfaction” rose
- rebuilt economy

36
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
How has Putin assured himself the luxury of remaining in power for as long as he wants?

A

he continued to change the term limit while in office to assure he’s president until 2036

37
Q

MODERN RUSSIA
In what ways is Putin’s rule similar to the “bad old days” of the USSR?

A
  • there is no freedom of speech/ freedom of press
  • not allowed to criticise or punishments are set in place such as fines and imprisonments
  • took away freedoms
  • wanting to wage war to expand territory

World Studies Honors (13 decks)

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