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World Studies Honors > Age of Absolutism > Flashcards

Age of Absolutism Flashcards

1
Q

abdicate

A

the renounce of a throne, high office, dignity, or function (ex: a monarch)
- Charles V abdicated and divided the Hapsburg Empire

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2
Q

absolute monarchy

A

system of government where the head of the state is a hereditary position and the King/Queen has almost complete power

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3
Q

Hapsburgs

A
  • royal dynasty of Austria that ruled over a vast part of Central Europe while battling with the Turks over Hungary
  • supported the Roman catholic Church during 30 Years War
  • longest reigning family
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4
Q

Constitutionalism

A

philosophy that allows for a government authority to be constrained by a constitution and supported by the people

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5
Q

Charles V

A

ruled the Holy Roman Empire in Rome, the Netherlands, and Spain; part of the Hapsburg family

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6
Q

divine right

A

belief that ruler’s authority comes directly from god

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7
Q

Phillip II

A

King of Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Naples, and Sicily
- workaholic
- VERY Catholic
- believed in divine right
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

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8
Q

The Netherlands

A
  • Dutch republic that defied the pattern if absolutism
  • centralized control that dominated over other european nations during the 17th century
  • Spain ruled the Netherlands when Holy Roman Emperor Charles V inherited the Spanish throne in 1516
  • beginning of Hapsburg rule in Spain
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9
Q

Mary I (Bloody Mary)

A

England’s Catholic Queen who executed many Protestants

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10
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  • “virgin” queen
  • ruled for 50 years
  • one of most successful monarchs in English History
  • supported arts and exploration of the New World
  • increased the treasury
  • built up the military
  • established the Church of England as the “main” region in England
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11
Q

Spanish Armada

A

a huge fleet of Spanish warships meant to end English plans

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12
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

document that granted religious freedoms to the Huguenots

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13
Q

The Fronde

A

French rebellion caused by Mazarin;s attempt to increase royal revenue and expand state bureaucracy, caused Louis XIV to distrust the state and turn to absolutism

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14
Q

Henry IV of France

A

Protestant who converted to Catholicism to rule France
- issued Edict of Nantes and protected Huguenots

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15
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

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16
Q

intendents

A

government agents who collected taxes and administered justice

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17
Q

Louis XIV of France

A
  • “Sun King”
  • most powerful long lasting ruler in France
  • 72 years of rule
  • gained absolute power over nation
  • lived in the Palace of Versailles
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18
Q

Cardinal Richelieu (France)

A
  • became Cardinal in 1620, became chief advisor in 1624
  • responsible for divine right monarchy
  • eliminated Huguenots
  • unified France
  • careless with national finances
  • dies within a month of Louis’ death
  • coined the term “raison d’etat”
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19
Q

Richelieu’s goals

A
  1. Make King louis XIV supreme in Europe
  2. Make France supreme in Europe
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20
Q

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

A
  • Catholics and Huguenots gather for a royal wedding on August 24, 1572
  • mass slaying of huguenots (3,000 killed)
  • in Paris
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21
Q

Versallies

A
  • a palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris
  • home to Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette
22
Q

“L’etat, c’est moi”

A

“I am the state”
- said by Louis XIV, showing his absolute rule over France

23
Q

“Paris is well worth a Mass”

A

the reason Henry IV gave when he converted to Catholicism; France was worth Henry becoming Catholic

24
Q

Thirty Years War

A

between Protestants and Catholics in Holy Roman Empire
- eventually included other countries
- began with Defenestration of Prague
- VERY destructive
- France supported Protestants

25
Q

Maria Theresa

A
  • 1st and only woman to inherit Austrian Empire (Hapsburg)
  • 16 kids (all daughters named Maria)
  • married Francis 1
26
Q

Frederick the Great

A
  • Prussian
  • Hohenzollern family
  • “The Sparta of the North”
  • made Prussia a strong military power
27
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A
  • first to claim title of Czar
  • “good Ivan”
  • “bad Ivan”
28
Q

Peter the Great

A
  • 1672-1682-1725
  • obsessed with westernizing Russia
  • traveled Europe to find Western ruling
  • built St. petersburg
  • father of Russian Navy
  • established Russian Empire
29
Q

Catherine the Great

A
  • 1729- 1796
  • empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire
  • continued Peter’s rule
  • father HATED her for being a woman
  • extremely smart
  • German wife of Peter III
30
Q

What advantages and disadvantages are inherent in absolute monarchy?

A

Advantages:
- long reign
- quicker decisions
- consistency
Disadvantages:
- can become outdated
- no fresh ideas
- people have no say in matters

31
Q

Why would people agree to being ruled this way? (absolute monarchy)

A
  • quicker decisions and actions
  • long reign/ get lots done
  • consistency
32
Q

What similarities are evident between the monarchs in Spain, France, Austria, Russia, and other countries?

A
  • absolute monarchy
  • monarchy
  • Holy Roman Empire
  • issues between Catholics and other religions
  • strong militaries
  • wealthiness
  • expansion of territory
  • women were not treated as well as men
33
Q

Why did the power/wealth of Spain decline?

A
  • less capable leaders
  • wars
  • farming/ commerce neglected
    -heavily taxed middle class
  • expulsion of Jews/Muslims
  • inflation
34
Q

absolutism

A

political practice of centralized authority and absolute sovereignty in a monarch

35
Q

monarchy

A

form of government ruled by a King or Queen

36
Q

Spain is the most powerful country in Europe because…

A
  • very wealthy (due to colonies of the new world)
  • religious unity
  • strong military (due to wealth)
  • strong central government
37
Q

What are the problems of ruling the Holy Roman Empire?

A
  • geography and extreme size of Holy Roman Empire
  • different ethnic groups
  • religious differences
  • Protestant reformation
  • external pressures (Ottoman Empire was mostly Jews, Muslims, and Christians)
38
Q

Who takes over after Charles V?

A

his brother, Ferdinand, takes over the Holy Roman Empire

39
Q

inquisition

A

a questioning or examining that is often harsh or severe

40
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

a Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300s to 1922

41
Q

Why did Phillip II wage war against the Dutch?

A
  • riots/ revolts
  • Protestantism
  • Inquisition
  • high taxes
  • autocratic rule
  • ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
42
Q

Mary Queen of Scots

A

Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth 1 of England
- allegedly plotted with Spain’s Phillip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. As result, Elizabeth had her beheaded.

43
Q

Why did the Spanish Armada invade England?

A

they had the support of the Dutch, sea dogs, pirating, murder/execution of Mary Queen of Scots

44
Q

The Mughal Empire

A

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominance over most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

45
Q

The Ming Empire

A

Empire in China before the Quing Empire
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

46
Q

The Qing Empire

A

Empire in China AFTER the Ming Empire
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

47
Q

nobility

A

a high ranking social class

48
Q

Defenestration of Praque

A

Protestant nobleman tossed royal officials out of 70ft window

49
Q

Good Ivan

A
  • added land
  • revised Russian laws
  • kept standing army
  • increased trade with Europe
50
Q

Bad Ivan

A

after death of first wife
- remarried 7 times
- fought for over 20 years in Sweden, Denmark, and Poland- Lithuania
- killed boyars for death of mom and wife
- exiled many to Siberia
- personal army
- killed boyars at party (drowing, roasting, necks cut)
- accidentally killed own son

51
Q

The Bourbons

A

French Family (all of the Louis’ family)

52
Q

The Hohenzollems

A
  • ruled in Prussia
  • Frederick II- “The Sparta of the North”

World Studies Honors (13 decks)

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