The English Civil War

Question 1

What kind of relationship did Kings have with nobels?

Answer 1

conscientious (because kings did not trust their nobles)

Question 2

William of Normandy

Answer 2

-“the conqueror”
- french nobleman
- king promised to give him the throne, nut didn’t
- 2nd person to successfully take over england

Question 3

What two events took place in 1660?

Answer 3

Norman Conquest and Battle of Hastings
(when French took over England and French nobility was in feudal England)

Question 4

King John (Lackland)

Answer 4

(1215) English king that forced to sign the Magna Carta and gave up some of his authority
- younger brother of King Richard
- attempted to steal throne from Richard while he was off fighting crusades and in France (because he was gay)
- received throne after Richard’s death

Question 5

Magna Carta

Answer 5

(1215)
- government allowing citizens to have rights which was one of the first times
- king gave up some authority
- protected nobles from church rights, illegal imprisonment, access to swift judgement, new taxation with baronial consent, and limitations on some feudal taxes

Question 6

King John’s (Lackland’s) rule

Answer 6

• engaged in sex trafficking (auctioned nobles’ daughters up for money by their future “husbands”)
• taxed nobles
• threatened families

Question 7

War of the Roses

Answer 7

(1455-1485)
- House of Lancaster vs. House of York (families)
- disputed succession over the crown of England
- ended by Henry Tudor (Lancaster family) when he won and became Henry VII (first Tudor King)

Question 8

Princes in the Tower

Answer 8

• uncle became regent for nephew (who was in line for the throne)
• boys were brothers, Richard of Shrewsbury and Edward V
• uncle locked them in tower and killed them so he could receive throne

Question 9

Lady Jane Grey

Answer 9

“Queen of 9 days”
- attempted to replace Mary I
- nobles changed their minds
- executed for treason

Question 10

Mary I

Answer 10

“bloody Mary”
- hated Elizabeth (because she was protestant) but never killed her like she did with other protestants
- after Lady Jane Grey

Question 11

Tudors

Answer 11

powerful family/dynasty that ruled England for long period of time (6 sovereigns)
- (Henry VII, Henry VIII (protestant), Edward VI (protestant), Mary I (catholic), Elizabeth I (more protestant)

Question 12

Elizabeth I

Answer 12

• tudors on good terms w parliament
• pretended to work with parliament
• Elizabeth dies and James I takes over

Question 13

James I

Answer 13

• originally ruled in Scotland
• took over after Elizabeth 1 death
• first Stuart family King
• ONLY CARED ABT ABSOLUTISM

Question 14

Problems faced by James I

Answer 14

• his views on absolute monarchy and divine right
• he was a Scot leading England
• Gunpowder Plot
• extreme Protestant (ex: Puntans vs. others + Catholics)
• disputes over money and foreign policy

Question 15

Gunpowder Plot

Answer 15

(11/05/1605)
- Guy Fawkes + Catholic group tried to blow up James I and Parliament
- never ended up happening
- wrote about it in a letter

Question 16

Charles I

Answer 16

(1600-(1626)-1649
- son of James I
- created own court called : Court of the Star Chamber

Question 17

complaints against Charles I

Answer 17

• abused his power involving finances (money)
• ratified Petition of Right (after being forced to sign it)
• dissolved Parliament
• ruled by own authority (11 years of personal rule/ tyranny)
• exerted undue control over legal system
• Court of Star Chamber
• Puritans unhappy with rituals of Anglican Church
• tried to force Anglican church on Scots

Question 18

Petition of Right

Answer 18

• signed + ratified by Charles 1
• similar to US Bill of Rights
• taxes levied by Parliament, writ of habeas corpus, and ban on billeting of troops

Question 19

Court of Star Chamber

Answer 19

persecuted puritans and others opposed to King Charles I’s policies
- torture by pillory, whipping, branding, and cutting off ears

Question 20

cavaliers

Answer 20

• royalists
• for the king
• lost

Question 21

roundheads

Answer 21

• lead by Oliver Cromwell
• for Parliament
• won
• had good numbers on their side

Question 22

results of Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (English Civil War)

Answer 22

• victory for Roundheads
• abolished monarchy, established England as commonwealth
• put Charles I on trail
• Charles I executed for being found guilty of treason

Question 23

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 23

• leader of roundheads
• won english civil war
• strong leader
  -lord protector of commonwealth
• put down revolt in Ireland
• Puritan
• stepped up english trade
• wiped out Irish (Catholic)- believed less than human
• used military to strengthen England’s commerce

Question 24

Commonwealth

Answer 24

• organization of counties and provinces led by Cromwell
• established “Rule of Saints”
• when Cromwell died, son took over- was unpopular with people

Question 25

What did Cromwell do when he struggled with parliament

Answer 25

dissolved it
- IRONIC because he fought against Charles I for doing the same thing

Question 26

Rule of Saints

Answer 26

• keep Sunday holy
• closed theater/ taverns
• dancing/ gambling prohibited
• encouraged education
• freedom of worship (except Catholics)

Question 27

The Restoration

Answer 27

restoration of monarchy in form of Charles II, by Parliament in 1660
- Charles II lived lavish lifestyle
- learned to be agreeable with Parliament during exile
- acted in secret to enforce policies
- opened up society again

Question 28

Charles II

Answer 28

• King 1660-1685
• was in France and came back to claim throne
• son of Charles I
• disinterment
• trade wars with Dutch
• Parliament’s opposition to France
• religious dispute (Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics) (secret agreement with Louis XIV to be catholic and make laws to benefit catholics for money)
• Great Plague (wiped out 20% of population)
• Great Fire: destroyed much of city
• no children with his wife, Catherine of Braganza (Portuguese born)
• 12 children with mistresses

Question 29

who can Charles II be compared to

Answer 29

Tutors, agreed with Parliament, though also went behind back at times

Question 30

Glorious Revolution

Answer 30

James II inherited throne after Charles II death
- Parliament became worried of Catholic dynasty when James II had son with wife #2
- Parliament invited James II’s daughter Mary and husband William of Orange to take throne
- James II fled when William showed up in England with army

Question 31

James II

Answer 31

• brother of Charles II
• became king bc Charles II had no heir to throne
• catholic and absolutist

Question 32

William and Mary

Answer 32

• ruled as co-rulers
• accepted Parliamentary limits on their power
• parliamentary monarchs
• created English Bill of Rights
• created act of toleration
• created test act
• created act of settlement

Question 33

English Bill of Rights

Answer 33

• cannot dissolve Parliament
• Parliament in charge of $
• habeas corpus

Question 34

habeas corpus

Answer 34

arrested person is brought before a judge

Question 35

Act of toleration

Answer 35

freedom of worship to protestants, quakers, and dissenters

Question 36

test act

Answer 36

restricted catholics and others from public office

Question 37

act of settlement

Answer 37

protestant successor to william

Question 38

magna carta, petition of right, english bill of rights, act of toleration, test act, act of settlement created…

Answer 38

limited constitution

Question 39

Your mantra…

Answer 39

“James, Charles, Charles James”
- follow the numbers “James 1, Charles 1, Charles II, James II”
- Cromwell in middle; Virginia’s second best university at end: William and Mary
- Civil war- Parliament wins- Cromwell leads (commonwealth, rule of saints)
- Charles II- the restoration
- james II- OH NO- A CATHOLIC
william and mary- glorious revolution