The English Civil War Flashcards
What kind of relationship did Kings have with nobels?
conscientious (because kings did not trust their nobles)
William of Normandy
-“the conqueror”
- french nobleman
- king promised to give him the throne, nut didn’t
- 2nd person to successfully take over england
What two events took place in 1660?
Norman Conquest and Battle of Hastings
(when French took over England and French nobility was in feudal England)
King John (Lackland)
(1215) English king that forced to sign the Magna Carta and gave up some of his authority
- younger brother of King Richard
- attempted to steal throne from Richard while he was off fighting crusades and in France (because he was gay)
- received throne after Richard’s death
Magna Carta
(1215)
- government allowing citizens to have rights which was one of the first times
- king gave up some authority
- protected nobles from church rights, illegal imprisonment, access to swift judgement, new taxation with baronial consent, and limitations on some feudal taxes
King John’s (Lackland’s) rule
- engaged in sex trafficking (auctioned nobles’ daughters up for money by their future “husbands”)
- taxed nobles
- threatened families
War of the Roses
(1455-1485)
- House of Lancaster vs. House of York (families)
- disputed succession over the crown of England
- ended by Henry Tudor (Lancaster family) when he won and became Henry VII (first Tudor King)
Princes in the Tower
- uncle became regent for nephew (who was in line for the throne)
- boys were brothers, Richard of Shrewsbury and Edward V
- uncle locked them in tower and killed them so he could receive throne
Lady Jane Grey
“Queen of 9 days”
- attempted to replace Mary I
- nobles changed their minds
- executed for treason
Mary I
“bloody Mary”
- hated Elizabeth (because she was protestant) but never killed her like she did with other protestants
- after Lady Jane Grey
Tudors
powerful family/dynasty that ruled England for long period of time (6 sovereigns)
- (Henry VII, Henry VIII (protestant), Edward VI (protestant), Mary I (catholic), Elizabeth I (more protestant)
Elizabeth I
- tudors on good terms w parliament
- pretended to work with parliament
- Elizabeth dies and James I takes over
James I
- originally ruled in Scotland
- took over after Elizabeth 1 death
- first Stuart family King
- ONLY CARED ABT ABSOLUTISM
Problems faced by James I
- his views on absolute monarchy and divine right
- he was a Scot leading England
- Gunpowder Plot
- extreme Protestant (ex: Puntans vs. others + Catholics)
- disputes over money and foreign policy
Gunpowder Plot
(11/05/1605)
- Guy Fawkes + Catholic group tried to blow up James I and Parliament
- never ended up happening
- wrote about it in a letter
Charles I
(1600-(1626)-1649
- son of James I
- created own court called : Court of the Star Chamber
complaints against Charles I
- abused his power involving finances (money)
- ratified Petition of Right (after being forced to sign it)
- dissolved Parliament
- ruled by own authority (11 years of personal rule/ tyranny)
- exerted undue control over legal system
- Court of Star Chamber
- Puritans unhappy with rituals of Anglican Church
- tried to force Anglican church on Scots
Petition of Right
- signed + ratified by Charles 1
- similar to US Bill of Rights
- taxes levied by Parliament, writ of habeas corpus, and ban on billeting of troops
Court of Star Chamber
persecuted puritans and others opposed to King Charles I’s policies
- torture by pillory, whipping, branding, and cutting off ears
cavaliers
- royalists
- for the king
- lost
roundheads
- lead by Oliver Cromwell
- for Parliament
- won
- had good numbers on their side
results of Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (English Civil War)
- victory for Roundheads
- abolished monarchy, established England as commonwealth
- put Charles I on trail
- Charles I executed for being found guilty of treason
Oliver Cromwell
- leader of roundheads
- won english civil war
- strong leader
-lord protector of commonwealth - put down revolt in Ireland
- Puritan
- stepped up english trade
- wiped out Irish (Catholic)- believed less than human
- used military to strengthen England’s commerce
Commonwealth
- organization of counties and provinces led by Cromwell
- established “Rule of Saints”
- when Cromwell died, son took over- was unpopular with people
What did Cromwell do when he struggled with parliament
dissolved it
- IRONIC because he fought against Charles I for doing the same thing
Rule of Saints
- keep Sunday holy
- closed theater/ taverns
- dancing/ gambling prohibited
- encouraged education
- freedom of worship (except Catholics)
The Restoration
restoration of monarchy in form of Charles II, by Parliament in 1660
- Charles II lived lavish lifestyle
- learned to be agreeable with Parliament during exile
- acted in secret to enforce policies
- opened up society again
Charles II
- King 1660-1685
- was in France and came back to claim throne
- son of Charles I
- disinterment
- trade wars with Dutch
- Parliament’s opposition to France
- religious dispute (Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics) (secret agreement with Louis XIV to be catholic and make laws to benefit catholics for money)
- Great Plague (wiped out 20% of population)
- Great Fire: destroyed much of city
- no children with his wife, Catherine of Braganza (Portuguese born)
- 12 children with mistresses
who can Charles II be compared to
Tutors, agreed with Parliament, though also went behind back at times
Glorious Revolution
James II inherited throne after Charles II death
- Parliament became worried of Catholic dynasty when James II had son with wife #2
- Parliament invited James II’s daughter Mary and husband William of Orange to take throne
- James II fled when William showed up in England with army
James II
- brother of Charles II
- became king bc Charles II had no heir to throne
- catholic and absolutist
William and Mary
- ruled as co-rulers
- accepted Parliamentary limits on their power
- parliamentary monarchs
- created English Bill of Rights
- created act of toleration
- created test act
- created act of settlement
English Bill of Rights
- cannot dissolve Parliament
- Parliament in charge of $
- habeas corpus
habeas corpus
arrested person is brought before a judge
Act of toleration
freedom of worship to protestants, quakers, and dissenters
test act
restricted catholics and others from public office
act of settlement
protestant successor to william
magna carta, petition of right, english bill of rights, act of toleration, test act, act of settlement created…
limited constitution
Your mantra…
“James, Charles, Charles James”
- follow the numbers “James 1, Charles 1, Charles II, James II”
- Cromwell in middle; Virginia’s second best university at end: William and Mary
- Civil war- Parliament wins- Cromwell leads (commonwealth, rule of saints)
- Charles II- the restoration
- james II- OH NO- A CATHOLIC
william and mary- glorious revolution
