The Role of Technology on Sport 7.0 Flashcards
What is sports analytics?
- Collections of relevant historical statistics that can provide a competitive advantage to a team or individual
What is qualitative & quantitative data?
Qualitative- subjective data as it looks at feelings,opinions & emotions
Quantitative- Objective, factual information & numerical based
What is objective & subjective data?
Objective- Information recieved based on facts
Subjective- Information based on personal opinions, assumptions, interpretations etc.
Define reliability.
Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent & stable over time
What is video motion analysis?
- A technique used to get information about moving objects from a video
What does video motion analysis involve?
- Involves a high speed camera to produce frame by frame playback
- Useful to analyse technical performance e.g. Putting in golf, release when throwing a shot put,
Can take place either immeidately after performance (e.g. at side of track) or in a more controlled laboratory environment
What two distinct sport science disciplines has motion analysis developed into?
Notational match analysis- Used to record aspects of individual or team performance
Biomechanics- Used to analyse the sporting impact of body movements
What is performance analysis?
The provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get a positive change in performance
Why is performance analysis so important?
- Extremely important to enahnce performer
- Without it- at a loss against others in competitions
- Variety of PA techniques used to provide; task, performance and physiological data.
Give an overview of an indirect calorimetry?
- Headgear is attached to a subject
- Breathe for a specific amount of time
- Their inspired and expired gas flows, volumes and concentration of O2 and CO2 are all measured
- Continuous measurement of oxygen O2 consumption and production of CO2
- Non-invasive technique & relatively successful
- The equipment used is known as a metabolic cart
Give an overview of the metabolic cart.
- Electronic medical tool used to measure the body’s metabolism through the heat produced when the body is at rest
- The result can help to inform doctors of a persons overall health
- Parts of device – computer system, monitor, breathing tubes on a mobile push cart
- 2 factors to calculate heat production
- Measurement is resting energy expenditure (REE) – results can change
What is the equipment used when measuring indirect calorimetry?
A metabolic cart- A device used to measure the body’s metabolism through the amount of heat produced when the body is at rest
What two factors does metabolic cart use to calculate heat production?
- Intake of oxygen from the body
- Output of carbon dioxide
These two figures will provide the result for metabolic cart which is measure as resting energy expenditure (REE)
What conditions can the REE change depending on?
- Weight or height to weight ratio
- Age
- Gender
- The body’s response to various drugs
Due to differences in size it is lower in women than in men
Define resting energy expenditure (REE).
The amount of energy, usually expressed in Kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during rest
How can indirect calorimetry & use of metabolic cart help individuals?
- To determine their energy requirements & response to nutrition over time
- To calculate energy expenditure which allows determination of nutritional requirements/caloric needs
- Help individuals who are classified/potentially classified as obese
- In the calculation of their REE which helps medical staff determine the amount of food & nutrition needed
What are some difficulties or sources of error affecting the validity & reliability of using indirect calorimetry via a metabolic cart.
- Inaccuracies from air leaks
- Possible inaccuracis from measurement recording errors
- Difficult to use on children
- Overfeeding/underfeeding may occur based on results recieved
- Process actually measures consumption, not needs
What is GPS software?
Global positioning system- Useful in helping coaches monitor players during matches as well as in training
Systems track the speed,distance & direction of indiviudal being monitored
How is GPS software useful?
Very useful for coaches to monitor players:
* Vast amount of information immediately
* Track speed
* Track distance
* Direction of individual
What are the positives of using GPS & motion tracking software & hardware?
- Better use of training time- Training can meet demands of the game
- Improves tactic analysis- Spacing on the football pitch
- You can compare player performance
- Helps to rehabilitate players- i.e dont do too much too soon/faster return to team
What else can GPS software help with in sport?
Can provide data to improve performance by success rate
Can help coaches to make objective decisions for replacements/substitutes
Can reduce injury as can gauge the fatigue level
What is data integrity?
Overall intent is to ensure data is entered into the system & recorded exactly as intended & when retrieved later to ensure the data is the same as when it was originally recorded
How can data integrity be compromised?
Through:
Human error when data is entered
Errors occuring when data is transmitted from one computer to another
Software bugs/viruses
What ways are there of minimising threats to data integrity?
- Regularly backing-up data
- Controlling access to data & protecting it against malicious intent via security mechanisms
- Using error detection & correction software when transmitting data
- Not leaving a computer unattended for anyone to access.
What are the advantages of spectators in sport?
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How has equipment been adapted for the elderly & people w disabilities?
- New devices being created to help elderly & sport enthusiasts w disabilities to participate at recreational level, as well as create highly advanced equipment for elite paralympians
- Assistive devices can enable training & exercise, as well as providing opportunity for participation in sport- examples of assistive/adapted devices include, lightweight wheelchairs for basket ball, tennis & road racing, & cross country sit skis
- Wheelchairs can be individually designed & adapted to meet specific requirements of different sports
Give some examples of adapted equipment designed to encourage physical activity in the elderly.
- Finger extension mover- used to help w hand & wrist movements
- Low impact pedal exercise machine- Gives opportunity for elderly individuals to participate in low impact exercise to stimulate circulation & help to try maintain muscle tone
- Exercise balance beam- Used to help/maintain improve balance, coordination & mobility
- Technologically advanced wheelchair design: This helps elderly individuals who are confined to wheelchairs to continue to be mobile & involved in adapted activies such as wheelchair activities
What are the possible negative implications of using technology for sport?
- It can be misleading- pure data can be misleading at times e.g. if a performer has not covered many meters in a game, but the tactics & game context are such that it does not require to do so
- It can be expensive so inequalities might exist in terms of access to the latest technology avaliable in sport e.g. only the wealthiest countries & teams are able to succeed
- It can lead to paralysis by analysis- Players & coaches might become too reliant on data to inform their decision making & unable to react creatively & istantly on-field problems or issues as they occur
- It can have a placebo effect
What are the benefits of sports technology for sports performers?
- Improved clothing/footwear- this can lead to improved performances; for example, bodysuits used by athletes have helped sprinters increase their speed
- Improved sports equipment- This can aid skill/technique development e.g. technological developments in golf have allowed manufacturers to build lighter clubs to increase swing speeds & enable golfers to hit golf balls a lot further & w more control than before
- Advancements in drug-testing technology to keep up w performers taking illegal performance enhancing substances
- Improved protective equipment (e.g. cricket helmets to withstand ever increasing fast paced deliveries
- Improved recovery from injury & better rehabilitation (e.g. oxygen tents)
What are the benefits of sports technology on the coach?
- Can be highly informative as they aid in detailed analysis of performance for coaches
- Video analysis of matches enables an assestment of player performance tactically, technically & physiologically
- Detailed information gained can help a coach develop more focused training programmes designed to improve on any weaknesses identified
- However, use of computers can be a possible negative as they are open to potential hacking which might lead to information on weak links in a team being passed on & exploited by the opposition
What are the benefits of technology on the audience/spectator?
- Can allow enthusiasts to visit many wbesites to find out various pieces of information on their favourite teams & players
- Impacted audience in a positive way- officials are now ‘mic’d up’ in rugby so audience can hear what is being said on field of play
- This increases involvement & excitement in audience & enahnces their viewing experience
What are the advantages of technology being used to aid officials in decision making?
- It ensures the right decisions are reached with less frustration at incorrect decisions
- It helps officials to communicate with one another & the players which the audience can sometimes hear (e.g. in rugby matches)
- Increased accuracy of timing & distances achieved, which are quickly communicated to the audience (e.g. via big screens in the stadium)
- Increased excitement in audience while the await decisions (e.g. hawkey at Wimbledon Tennis Championships)
What are some of the disadvantages of technology on officials?
- A loss of respect in the crowd for the official as the ‘final decision maker’
- Costs limit the use of the technology at events which can give an inconsistent experience to spectators as well as performers
- Breaks in play can be disruptive for spectators if they take too long or there is an over-reliance on technology which leads to the official to over-use it
- Technology is not always welcomed by all - In 2018 Kiwi rugby coach demanded an end to the TMO system to allow the referees to make all the decisions
Can modern TV broadcasting technologies give the same level of quality spectating experience as actually attending the sports event?
- You cld argue it does due to developments in high quality sound & picture technology which gives users an impressive view of sport
- Introduction of digital TV allows for highly individualised experiences
- Action replays & freeze-frames allow increasingly detailed analysis of key incidents to take place, which inform & educate the viewing public
- TV viewing can also be said to lack the ‘real atmosphere’ with little sense of being a part of the spectacle or playing a role within the contest.
- When watching sport on TV at home there is very little interaction w other fans which for many is a key part of their audience experience
