Skill Acquisition 2.1 2 Flashcards
What is Whole-part-whole practice?
- Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together
Who/when is whole-part-whole practice used?
- When a beginner is doing a complex activity & may need to concentrate on one element
- When the skill is highly organised & hard to break down
What are the advantages of whole-part-whole practice?
- Can highlight specific points of weakness & work upon them
- Maintains the feel for the whole skill & the transition between each part of it
- Can provide motivation when success is achieved
What are the disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice?
- May produce negative transfer of learning if it is not integrated effectively
- More time consuming than whole practice
What is progressive part practice?
Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually
e.g a dance routine
Who/when should progressive part practice be used?
- When there are several new parts to be learnt in a sequence
- Both beginners & professionals
- Complex skill could benefit from this as it can isolate skills & take pressure off the performer
What are the advantages of progressive part practice?
- Focuses on weaknesses if needed
- Gives stages of success to motivate performer
- Reduces overall fatigue & demand
What are the disadvantages of progressive part practice?
- Time consuming
- If the first part of the sequence is learnt incorrectly the rest may be incorrect too
- Could cause negative transfer of learning
What is massed practice?
- Massed practice is continuous with no rest intervals
What are the advantages of massed practice?
- Can enhance fitness development
- Efficient
- Helps to develop motor programmes- those images stored in the memory- can be stored easily so that they can be recalled in the future
What are the disadvantages of massed practice?
- No time for feedback
- Can cause fatigue
- Possibly too demanding
What is distributed practice?
- Where rest intervals are taken during the practice session
What are the advantages & disadvantages of distributed practice?
Advantages:
* Allows for recovery
* Allows for mental rehersal
* Reduces mental pressure
Disadvantages:
* Could allow negative transfer of skill
* Time consuming
What is varied practice?
Changing the practice type & the practice drills
Allows players to train for different environments & circumstances
What are the advantages of varied practice?
- Allows players to adapt their skills to changing environments
- Variety of practice prevents players from becoming bored increasing motivation
- Helps to build sub routines or parts of the skill
What are the disadvantages of varied practice?
- More time consuming
- Increases risk of negative transfer
- May place unnecessary demands on the players if they are given too many things to focus on
What is mental practice?
- Going over the skill in the mind without movement
What are the advantages of mental practice?
- Improves confidence & lowers anxiety
- Develops cognitive ability & improves decision making
- Can be done if player is injured helping to maintain memory of the skill
What are the 3 stages of learning?
- The cognitive stage
- The associative stage
- The autonomous stage
