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A-LEVEL P.E YEAR 12 > Skill Acquisition 2.1 > Flashcards

Skill Acquisition 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘skill’

A

A learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both

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2
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of a skill?

(ACE FACE)

A
  • Aesthetically pleasing
  • Consistent
  • Efficient
  • Fluent
  • Accurate
  • Controlled
  • Economical
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3
Q

What are the different skill continums?

A

Open–Closed
Gross–Fine
Self paced–Externally paced
Discrete–Continuous–Serial Skills
High–Low
Simple–Complex

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4
Q

What is an open skill?

A

A skill performed in an unstable/unpredictable environment

(Lots of decisions)

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5
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

A skill performed in a predictable environment

Performer can repeat the actions consistently and there are fewer decisi

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6
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

A skill which is performed using large muscle groups

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7
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

A skill that uses smaller, more intricate muscle groups

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8
Q

What is a self-paced skill?

A

When the performer controls the start and the speed of the skill

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9
Q

What is an externally paced skill?

A

When the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill

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10
Q

What is a discrete skill?

A

A skill that has a clear beginning and end

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11
Q

What is a continuous skill?

A

A skill that has no clear beginning and end

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12
Q

What is a serial skill?

A

A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement

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13
Q

What is a low organised skill?

A

A skill that is easily broken into parts

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14
Q

What is a highly organised skill?

A

A skill that is not easily broken into parts

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15
Q

What is a simple skill?

A

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed

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16
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed

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17
Q

What are the different types of transfer?

A
  • Positive transfer
  • Negative transfer
  • Bilateral transfer
  • Zero transfer
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18
Q

What is positive transfer?

A

When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another

e.g basketball pass & a netball pass

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19
Q

What is negative transfer of learning?

A

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

e.g a tennis surve & a badminton serve similar concept but v different

20
Q

What is zero transfer of learning?

A

Where the previously learnt skills have nothing to do with the skill being learnt due to the differences in the skill

e.g cartwheel & throwing a ball

21
Q

What is bilateral transfer of learning?

A

Where practice on a limb on one side of the body improves the other side

e.g right footed footballer improve their left side to be somewhat equal

22
Q

How can a coach make sure that succesful transfer of learning takes place?

A
  • Identify points that may hinder that learning
  • Ensure the original task is learnt effectively and practiced well
  • Eliminate bad habits
23
Q

What is whole practice?

A

Practising the skill in its entirety
(without breaking it down)

24
Q

Who/when would use whole practice?

A
  • When the skill is too fast to be broken down
  • Skill is highly organised & diffucult to break down
  • Skill is simple & doesnt require much breakdown
  • Performer is advanced in the autonomous stage of learning
25
Q

What are the advantages of whole practice?

A
  • Helps to create specific motor programmes to be called upon when needing to have a mental image of the skill
  • More realistic than splitting up the practice which helps to produce positive transfer between skills in training and those inaction
  • Helps to develop consistent skill
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of whole practice?

A
  • Not suitable for beginners
  • Possibility of fatigue if completed too often
  • May be too much information for the performer to process
27
Q

What is Whole-part-whole practice?

A

Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together

28
Q

Who/when is whole-part-whole practice used?

A
  • When a beginner is doing a complex activity & may need to concentrate on one element
  • When the skill is highly organised & hard to break down
29
Q

What are the advantages of whole-part-whole practice?

A
  • Can highlight specific points of weakness & work upon them
  • Maintains the feel for the whole skill & the transition between each part of it
  • Can provide motivation when success is achieved
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice?

A

May produce negative transfer of learning if it is not integrated effectively
More time consuming than whole practice

31
Q

What is progressive part practice?

A

Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually

e.g a dance routine

32
Q

Who/when should progressive part practice be used?

A
  • When there are several new parts to be learnt in a sequence
  • Both beginners & professionals
  • Complex skill could benefit from this as it can isolate skills & take pressure off the performer
33
Q

What are the advantages of progressive part practice?

A
  • Focuses on weaknesses if needed
  • Gives stages of success to motivate performer
  • Reduces overall fatigue & demand
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of progressive part practice?

A
  • Time consuming
  • If the first part of the sequence is learnt incorrectly the rest may be incorrect too
  • Could cause negative transfer of learning
35
Q

What is massed practice?

A

Massed practice is continuouse with no rest intervals

36
Q

What are the advantages of massed practice?

A
  • Can enhance fitness development
  • Efficient
  • Helps to develop motor programmes- those images stored in the memory- can be stored easily so that they can be recalled in the future
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of massed practice?

A
  • No time for feedback
  • Can cause fatigue
  • Possibly too demanding
38
Q

What is distrubuted practice?

A

Where rest intervals are taken during the practice session

39
Q

What are the advantages of distributed practice?

A
  • Allows for recovery
  • Allows for mental rehersal
  • Reduces mental pressure
40
Q

What are the disadvantages of distributed practice?

A
  • Could allow negative transfer of skill
  • Time consuming
41
Q

What is varied practice?

A

Changing the practice type & the practice drills

Allows players to train for different environments & circumstances

42
Q

What are the advantages of varied practice?

A
  • Allows players to adapt their skills to changing environments
  • Variety of practice prevents players from becoming bored increasing motivation
  • Helps to build sub routines or parts of the skill
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of varied practice?

A
  • More time consuming
  • Increases risk of negative transfer
  • May place unnecessary demands on the players if they are given too many things to focus on
44
Q

What is mental practice?

A

Going over the skill in the mind without movement

45
Q

What are the advantages of mental practice?

A
  • Improves confidence & lowers anxiety
  • Develops cognative ability & improves decision making
  • Can be done if player is injured helping to maintain memory of the skill
46
Q

What are the 3 stages of learning?

A
  • The cognitive stage
  • The associative stage
  • The autonomous stage

A-LEVEL P.E YEAR 12 (14 decks)

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