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The Role Of Fluoride In Caries Management Flashcards

1
Q

When were stained teeth first reported

A

Pre 1900s

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2
Q

When was Colorado brown stain described

A

1901

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3
Q

Who was Colorado brown stain described by

A

McKay

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4
Q

Who described enamel histology

A

Black

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5
Q

When was enamel histology described

A

1909

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6
Q

When was mottling seen in enamel in England

A

1925- by Ainsworth

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7
Q

When was mottling related to fluoride levels

A

In 1928

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8
Q

Who is ALCOA

A

Aluminium company of America

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9
Q

When was mottling in different communities studied

A

1931-1939

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10
Q

Who was mottling in different communities studied by

A

Trendley dean

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11
Q

When did dream show minimal mottling effects

A

1942

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12
Q

What concentration of fluoride has low mottling

A

1ppm of fluoride

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13
Q

if water is fluoridated what conc of fluoride is in the water

A

0.7PPM

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14
Q

what does DMFT mean

A

decayed missing filled teeth

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15
Q

what does the graph of fluorosis and DMFT show

A

that with the ppm of fluoride increasing there is only a slight decrease in DMFT
but the severity of fluorosis greatly increases

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16
Q

where is fluoride absorbed in the body

A

mainly in the stomach

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17
Q

what type of absorption is fluoride absorbed by

A

systemic absorption

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18
Q

where does excretion of fluoride happen

A

in the kidneys

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19
Q

how is fluoride absorbed into the blood

A

as HF

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20
Q

where is fluoride incorporated

A

in calcified tissues such as bones and teeth

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21
Q

where does fluoride also enter

A

saliva

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22
Q

how does fluoride work

A

decreases demineralisation of enamel
increases remineralisation of enamel
incorporated in developing enamel
interferes with metabolism of some plaque bacteria

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23
Q

what are some examples of bacteria ghat cause caries

A

strep mutans

lactobacillus

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24
Q

what is the critical ph of enamel

A

5.5

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25
how long does it take to get the ph of the mouth back up to normal after an acid attack
around an hour( some notes say 20-40 mins)
26
what does acid demineralisation cause in the enamel crystals
porosities
27
why does the lesion appear chalky
due to the fact that light is refracted differently of those enamel porous crystals leaving a chalky appearance
28
what ions are important for remineralisation
calcium phosphorus fluoride
29
will demineralised enamel take fluoride up
yes
30
where can we get calcium and phosphate from
saliva dairy food CPP-ACP mousse
31
what is tooth mousse
made from casein it is milk product to paste on teeth very common
32
what does CPP-ACP stand for
Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate
33
where do we lose most of the enamel
at the sub surface
34
what is the conc of fluoride varnish used in clinic
22600 ppm
35
what do we apply at the surface enamel
high fluoride varnish
36
what do we apply at the whole enamel lesion
water or simple toothpaste will remineralise the whole area
37
what can high conc fluorides form
calcium fluoride
38
what does fluoride do to bacteria
changes the bacterial pH- more acidic | also interferes with the glycolytic pathway
39
how is fluoride incorporated in enamel
are fluoridated hydroxyapatite or as fluorapatite
40
is this enough fluoride if it is only incorporated with crystals
no it needs to be used daily in the form of toothpaste twice a day
41
which animal has the highest amount of fluorapatite in its enamel
sharks
42
what is the ppm of silver diamine fluoride
40000 ppm
43
what is the issue with silver diamine fluoride
THE TEETH WILL GO BLACK DUE TO THE FLUORIDE
44
in 2018 how many children had teeth extracted under GA
40000
45
how much fluoride per ppm is in tea
4-8ppm
46
what is the fluoride conc in ppm of fish
greater than 2 and higher in bony fish
47
what is the reduction in caries % in water
50-60%
48
what are the sources of systemic fluoride
``` swallowed toothpaste water foods-fish,tea tablets/drops milk salt ```
49
at age 5 what is the ratio of kids needing GA for dental care in fluoridated Dunedin
1:88
50
at age 5 what is the ratio of kids in low fluoride mosgiel (NZ)
1:24
51
what are conc of toothpastes in supermarkets
1450ppm
52
what is the conc of prescribed toothpaste
2800-5000ppm
53
what is the conc of fluoride varnish in clinics
7000-22000 ppm
54
what is the conc of fluoride rinses
226-910 ppm
55
what is the percentage of silver diamine fluoride
37%
56
what is the conc of ppm of silver diamine fluoride
60000ppm
57
what do we recommend about toothpaste for children( 3 years)
upto 3 years old 1000ppm fluoride smear of toothpaste parents brush
58
what do we recommend about toothpaste for children 3-6 years
toothpaste 1350-1500ppmF pea sized amount parents help with brushing
59
what should be the conc of daily fluoride mouthwash
0.05%
60
what should be the conc of weekly fluoride mouthwash
0.2%
61
what do we consider when prescribing fluoride mouthwash
age alcohol or not? appropriate instructions
62
what fluoride varnish should be apply if the patient has asthma
colophony free
63
what are other courses of fluoride
GIC composite resin some fissure sealants
64
what is dental fluorosis
occurs when more than trace amounts are ingested during tooth development stage
65
when is the highest risk of fluorosis in permanent anterior teeth
18 months- 3 years
66
when do children learn how to spit
3-4 years
67
how do we prevent fluorosis
stopping additional systemic fluoride before the age of three make sure kids have the correct amount of toothpaste all fluoride should have child safety tops
68
what is the lethal amount of 0.05% NaF daily mouthwash for a 12kg 12 year old
199ml
69
what is the lethal amount of fluoride varnish for a 12kg 12 year old
8ml
70
what is the lethal amount of toothpaste 1000ppm for a 12kg 12 year old
150g
71
what is the lethal amount of NaF 1.1mg for a 12kg 12 year old
300 tablets
72
what makes toothpaste beneficial if a child was to ingest too much
it has foaming agents so will just cause vomiting

CSA (51 decks)

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