The Role Of Fluoride In Caries Management Flashcards
When were stained teeth first reported
Pre 1900s
When was Colorado brown stain described
1901
Who was Colorado brown stain described by
McKay
Who described enamel histology
Black
When was enamel histology described
1909
When was mottling seen in enamel in England
1925- by Ainsworth
When was mottling related to fluoride levels
In 1928
Who is ALCOA
Aluminium company of America
When was mottling in different communities studied
1931-1939
Who was mottling in different communities studied by
Trendley dean
When did dream show minimal mottling effects
1942
What concentration of fluoride has low mottling
1ppm of fluoride
if water is fluoridated what conc of fluoride is in the water
0.7PPM
what does DMFT mean
decayed missing filled teeth
what does the graph of fluorosis and DMFT show
that with the ppm of fluoride increasing there is only a slight decrease in DMFT
but the severity of fluorosis greatly increases
where is fluoride absorbed in the body
mainly in the stomach
what type of absorption is fluoride absorbed by
systemic absorption
where does excretion of fluoride happen
in the kidneys
how is fluoride absorbed into the blood
as HF
where is fluoride incorporated
in calcified tissues such as bones and teeth
where does fluoride also enter
saliva
how does fluoride work
decreases demineralisation of enamel
increases remineralisation of enamel
incorporated in developing enamel
interferes with metabolism of some plaque bacteria
what are some examples of bacteria ghat cause caries
strep mutans
lactobacillus
what is the critical ph of enamel
5.5
how long does it take to get the ph of the mouth back up to normal after an acid attack
around an hour( some notes say 20-40 mins)
what does acid demineralisation cause in the enamel crystals
porosities
why does the lesion appear chalky
due to the fact that light is refracted differently of those enamel porous crystals leaving a chalky appearance
what ions are important for remineralisation
calcium
phosphorus
fluoride
will demineralised enamel take fluoride up
yes
where can we get calcium and phosphate from
saliva
dairy food
CPP-ACP mousse
what is tooth mousse
made from casein
it is milk product to paste on teeth
very common
what does CPP-ACP stand for
Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate
where do we lose most of the enamel
at the sub surface
what is the conc of fluoride varnish used in clinic
22600 ppm
what do we apply at the surface enamel
high fluoride varnish
what do we apply at the whole enamel lesion
water or simple toothpaste will remineralise the whole area
what can high conc fluorides form
calcium fluoride
what does fluoride do to bacteria
changes the bacterial pH- more acidic
also interferes with the glycolytic pathway
how is fluoride incorporated in enamel
are fluoridated hydroxyapatite or as fluorapatite
is this enough fluoride if it is only incorporated with crystals
no it needs to be used daily in the form of toothpaste twice a day
which animal has the highest amount of fluorapatite in its enamel
sharks
what is the ppm of silver diamine fluoride
40000 ppm
what is the issue with silver diamine fluoride
THE TEETH WILL GO BLACK DUE TO THE FLUORIDE
in 2018 how many children had teeth extracted under GA
40000
how much fluoride per ppm is in tea
4-8ppm
what is the fluoride conc in ppm of fish
greater than 2 and higher in bony fish
what is the reduction in caries % in water
50-60%
what are the sources of systemic fluoride
swallowed toothpaste water foods-fish,tea tablets/drops milk salt
at age 5 what is the ratio of kids needing GA for dental care in fluoridated Dunedin
1:88
at age 5 what is the ratio of kids in low fluoride mosgiel (NZ)
1:24
what are conc of toothpastes in supermarkets
1450ppm
what is the conc of prescribed toothpaste
2800-5000ppm
what is the conc of fluoride varnish in clinics
7000-22000 ppm
what is the conc of fluoride rinses
226-910 ppm
what is the percentage of silver diamine fluoride
37%
what is the conc of ppm of silver diamine fluoride
60000ppm
what do we recommend about toothpaste for children( 3 years)
upto 3 years old
1000ppm fluoride
smear of toothpaste
parents brush
what do we recommend about toothpaste for children 3-6 years
toothpaste 1350-1500ppmF
pea sized amount
parents help with brushing
what should be the conc of daily fluoride mouthwash
0.05%
what should be the conc of weekly fluoride mouthwash
0.2%
what do we consider when prescribing fluoride mouthwash
age
alcohol or not?
appropriate instructions
what fluoride varnish should be apply if the patient has asthma
colophony free
what are other courses of fluoride
GIC
composite
resin
some fissure sealants
what is dental fluorosis
occurs when more than trace amounts are ingested during tooth development stage
when is the highest risk of fluorosis in permanent anterior teeth
18 months- 3 years
when do children learn how to spit
3-4 years
how do we prevent fluorosis
stopping additional systemic fluoride before the age of three
make sure kids have the correct amount of toothpaste
all fluoride should have child safety tops
what is the lethal amount of 0.05% NaF daily mouthwash for a 12kg 12 year old
199ml
what is the lethal amount of fluoride varnish for a 12kg 12 year old
8ml
what is the lethal amount of toothpaste 1000ppm for a 12kg 12 year old
150g
what is the lethal amount of NaF 1.1mg for a 12kg 12 year old
300 tablets
what makes toothpaste beneficial if a child was to ingest too much
it has foaming agents so will just cause vomiting
