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CSA > intraoral radiographic anatomy e lecture > Flashcards

intraoral radiographic anatomy e lecture Flashcards

aims: to recognise normal radiographic anatomical features in the maxilla and mandible on radiographic film be aware of normal variations

1
Q

what does radiolucency mean

A

object allows a lot of x rays to pass through it
maybe because its thin or made from non calcified tissues- then interacts with the x ray and is shown as dark on the film

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2
Q

what does radiopacity mean

A

due to an objects density or fitness x rays cannot reach the film and therefore seen as pale or white

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3
Q

if an object is radiopaque what does that mean

A

it is radio dense

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4
Q

where does the inter maxillary suture lie

A

upper ant PA( periapical) , the anode structure is a thin radiolucent line in the midline

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5
Q

where and how does the anterior nasal spine look

A

appears as a radiopaque v shaped line above the midline above the apices of the incisors

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6
Q

what can soft tissues do to the radiograph

A

they can create a shadow meaning they are superimposed on the image

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7
Q

how many openings are there to the pyriform fossa from the nasal end

A

2

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8
Q

how many openings are there to the pyriform fossa from the oral end

A

1

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9
Q

how does the nasal end look on a bisecting angle PA

A

it looks like two ovoid radiolucent structures just at the tip of the nasal spine

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10
Q

what might the nasal spine also look like

A

it might also look like a concavity next to the base of the nasal septum

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11
Q

what can the incisive canal develop

A

it can develop cysts

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12
Q

clinically what can be the issue with the incisive e foramen in the oral end

A

it can be projected over the apex of the tooth and can be mistaken for an inflammatory cyst

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13
Q

what does the oral end of the incisive foramen look like

A

there is a single radiolucency

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14
Q

what does the nasal septum look like

A

a radiopaque line

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15
Q

what lies either side of the nasal septum

A

the ant parts of the pyriform fossa

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16
Q

what is the nasal cavity also known as

A

the pyriform fossa

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17
Q

what does the inf concha look like

A

the bone is thin but mucous can be thick

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18
Q

what does he radiograph of the inf concha look like

A

a smooth rounded opacity due to the thick layer of mucous

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19
Q

which turbinate is shown on the radiograph

A

the inf nasal concha

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20
Q

why is only the inf nasal concha shown

A

as it is the largest and due to its position

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21
Q

what dos the canine fossa look like

A

less bone so less tissue therefore more radiolucency and poorly defined

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22
Q

how does the maxillary sinus look on a radiograph

A

it is radiolucent

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23
Q

what is another name for the maxillary sinus

A

the maxillary antrum

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24
Q

clinically what can the maxillary sinus be mistaken as

A

as a cyst

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25
Q

what is the Y line of ennis

A

An anatomical landmark created by the superimposition of the floor of the nasal cavity and the border of the maxillary sinus.

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26
Q

what does the y line of ennis depict

A

It shows that the leg of the y is the laternal side of the nose which is also the medial wall of the antrum

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27
Q

what does one prong of the y show

A

that it is the floor of the nose(pyriform fossa) and the other prong is the floor of the antrum

28
Q

what does the floor of the nose look like on an occlusal or post PA

A

flat horizontal radiopaque line

29
Q

what other soft tissue can be shown on a radiograph

A

a subtle line down at an angle- the nasolabial fold

30
Q

how does the antrum look on a radiograph

A

undulating radiopaque line which can come as forward as the canine

31
Q

what can be found within the antrum

A

septi can be found which are shown as radiopaque lines

32
Q

which three structures are close in relationship q

A

the nose the zygomatic buttress and the antrum

33
Q

what can be seen above the UR 5,6,7,8

A

we see the undulating antrum but also radiodensity

34
Q

why do we see radiodensity near the UR 5,6,7,8

A

due to the zygoma, cheekbone or the malar bone

35
Q

what is it called where the zygoma meets the maxilla

A

it is known as the buttress

36
Q

what is the cheekbone also known as

A

the zygoma and the malar bone

37
Q

what does the lateral view of the skull show

A

the relationship between the maxilla, the zygoma and the pterygoid plates

38
Q

what is the hamulus part of

A

the medial pterygoid plate

39
Q

what is part of the medial pterygoid plate

A

the hamulus

40
Q

clinically what is important of the hamular notch

A

we should consider when making a denture to extend the denture into the hamular notch as this is where soft tissue can give slightly

41
Q

what is the maxillary tuberosity

A

it is the bone related to the last molar and just posterior to it

42
Q

which bone is posterior to the last molar

A

the maxillary tuberosity

43
Q

what can be seen near the maxillary tuberosity

A

soft tissues

44
Q

which process of the bone can create a shadow when taking a PA

A

the coronoid process of the mandible can sometimes be seen taking radiographs of the post maxillary teeth PAs

45
Q

what is the nasal septum seen as on a ant occlusal PA

A

a vertical radiopaque line

46
Q

when looking at an upside down occlusal view of the maxilla we can see two similar radiolucent structures what are they

A

the tearducts or nasal lacrimal ducts

47
Q

why is it not the greater palatine fossa

A

the x ray doesnt pass through that way and we would deffo choke the patient trying to get that x ray

48
Q

what would neurovascular channels look like on an x ray

A

tiny circular radiolucencies

49
Q

what does the neurovascular channels supply

A

the blood and nerve supply to the teeth

50
Q

what is an important branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

the middle or posterior superior alveolar nerve

51
Q

which CN is the trigeminal nerve

A

CN V

52
Q

what can we see from the lingual aspect of the midline

A

thicker area of bone
radiopaque
the bone has ridges where muscle attaches- genial tubercule- and the genioglossus and genial hyoid muscle attaches
small foramen- the lingual foramen

53
Q

why does the bone have ridges

A

where muscle can attach -the genial tubercle

54
Q

which muscles attach to the genial tubercle

A

the genioglossus and the genial hyoid muscle

55
Q

there is also a small foramen on the lingual aspect of the mandible

A

what is it

the lingual foramen

56
Q

what nerve supplies the mandible

A

the inf alveolar nerve

57
Q

what is the pathway of the inf alveolar nerve

A

passes along a bony canal where it reaches the premolar region and splits to the mental nerve via mental foramen and the incisive nerve via the incisive foramen

58
Q

clinically what can be the issue with the inf alveolar nerve

A

it can be superimposed over a root and mistaken as pathology

59
Q

how are caries seen on x rays

A

radiolucencies

60
Q

what lies inferiorly to the mylohyoid ridge

A

the submandibular fossa

61
Q

how does the the submandibular fossa look

A

relative radiolucency due to the thicker mylohyoid ridge above it also because it is thinner

62
Q

what lies in the submandibular fossa

A

the submandibular gland

63
Q

what is the shape of the submandibular gland

A

it lies in the submandibular fossa and then works round posteriorly to the mylohyoid muscle

64
Q

what is another name for the chin

A

the mental protuberance

65
Q

how does the chin show up in the x ray

A

as a radiodensity on the labial aspect of the ant part of the teeth slide 64

66
Q

what tissues can be shown on the lingual aspect

A

the soft tissues such as the tongue

CSA (51 decks)

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