Calculus- clinical perspective e lec

Question 1

what is the definition of calculus

Answer 1

mineralised plaque ,calcified/calcifying deposits attached to the surface of teeth or other solid structures in the cavity

Question 2

what is the location of supraginigval calculus

Answer 2

located coronal to the gingival margin

Question 3

what is the distribution of supragingival calc

Answer 3

distributed near the opening of salivary ducts such as the UL/UR6, lower anteriors

Question 4

what is the location of subgingival calculus

Answer 4

located apical to the gingival margin

Question 5

what is the distribution of subginigval calculus

Answer 5

can be located anywhere in the mouth

Question 6

how does calculus form

Answer 6

plaque formation precedes calculus formation and provides an organic matrix

Question 7

what minerals are derived from saliva for supragingival calc

Answer 7

calcium and phosphate

Question 8

where are minerals derived from for supraginigval calc

Answer 8

saliva

Question 9

where are minerals derived from for subginigval calc

Answer 9

GCF(gingival crevicular fluid)

Question 10

which crystals are found in supragingival calc

Answer 10

hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, brushite(new supra)

Question 11

what crystals are found in subgingival calc

Answer 11

magnesium whitlockite

Question 12

what shape are crystals in supragingival calc

Answer 12

small needle shaped, large ribbon shaped

Question 13

what size are subg crystals

Answer 13

small crystals

Question 14

calcification mechanisms

Answer 14

epitactic and booster

Question 15

how does calculus form

Answer 15

it forms due to small crystals appear in the inter microbial matrix and the matrix between microorganisms becomes calcified and mineralised.

Question 16

what is the mineral content of saliva by volume

Answer 16

37%

Question 17

where is fluoride distribution more regular

Answer 17

in subgingival calc

Question 18

what is the mineral content of GCF by volume

Answer 18

58%

Question 19

what is the growth like of subgingival calc

Answer 19

more homogenous calcification, slow growth, less filamentous

Question 20

what is the growth of of supraginigval calc

Answer 20

more filamentous, faster

Question 21

what is the appearance of supra calc like

Answer 21

creamy white, yellow may be stained in smokers

Question 22

which minerals are less proportion in supragingival calc than in subginigval calc

Answer 22

Ca,Mg,F,Sr,Zn

Question 23

which minerals are greater proportion in supraginigval calc than subginigval

Answer 23

carbonate and Mn

Question 24

what is the appearance of subginigval calc

Answer 24

darker,brownish could be black

Question 25

what is the morphology of supra calc like

Answer 25

it is usually amorphous ( doesnt have a distinguised shape)

Question 26

what is the morphology of sub calc

Answer 26

``` crushy,spiny,nodular ledge or ring formation thin,smooth veneers finger and fern like islands or spots supra can also be ontop of sub sometimes ```

Question 27

why can RSD be difficult sometimes

Answer 27

due to the spiny, nodular and crusty deposits which might be difficult to clean effectively

Question 28

what is the diagnosis of supragingival calc

Answer 28

location colour rough feeling dry with 3-in-1 and will be chalky

Question 29

diagnosis of subgingival calc

Answer 29

location deposit colour WHO 621 probe visible following recession or attachment loss papilla dark red colour- check with WHO probe grey shadow under ginigva- check with WHO probe radiography

Question 30

what is the probing force we should use

Answer 30

20-25g

Question 31

what is the size of the ball end on the WHO 621

Answer 31

0.5mm

Question 32

what instruments are used for RSD

Answer 32

SGC 11/12 SGC 13/14 vision curette