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CSA > endodontology part 2 > Flashcards

endodontology part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the steps of root canal treatment

A

access
chemo mechanical preparation
medication- temporisation with ca(oH2) and pledget
obturation with GP
restore- on post teeth with cusp coverage restoration
on anterior- composite restoration usually

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2
Q

why do we use ca(oh2) during temporisation

A

as it is very alkaline- has a pH of 12 and therefore kills any bacteria that was left in the canal
prevents bacteria getting back in

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3
Q

give examples of steroid based dressings

A

odontopaste

ledermix

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4
Q

why are steroid based dressings not used

A

as steroids require a blood supply to work and you have removed the pulp

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5
Q

when is the only time we will used ledermix

A

on lower molar teeth- hard to anaesthetise and the steroid dressing will make it easier to anaesthetise next time

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6
Q

what are the options after we have located and accessed the tooth

A

hand preparation and using the rotary instruments to shape the canals

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7
Q

what are we trying to achieve when we shape the canals

A

a continuous smooth tapered to the apex

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8
Q

why is a tapered shape ideal for the canals

A

facilitates both irrigation and the obturation of the canal

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9
Q

what is chemo-mechanical preparation of the canals

A

it is when we use chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine to clean out the canals as well as rotary instruments and hand files to remove the necrotic pulp

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10
Q

where is most bacteria found in the tooth

A

the coronal part of the tooth therefore we have to remove the pulp roof adequately

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11
Q

what is coronal flare

A

the flaring of the coronal third of the tooth using gates gligdens and widening the part of the tooth

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12
Q

what technique do we use for hand instrumentation

A

step down technique

stem winding- doesn’t change the shape of the canal

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13
Q

what is the step down technique

A

using the smallest

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14
Q

what is the balance force technique

A

engage the file into the dentine and dentine whilst applying apical peressure which breaks a bit of dentine off
creates stress in the files and therefore breaks so it is NOT AS IDEAL TECHNIQUE

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15
Q

what is stem winding

A

you place the file into the canal and rotate the file slowly to remove debris
takes more time but less procedural errors

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16
Q

what is the anti curvature filing technique

A

file away from the curvature of the root canal- as the curvature is usually the thinner part and therefore you will just file out of the root (strip perforation)

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17
Q

what are the types of files

A 
stainless steel/nickel titanium(newer) 
K type( K file, K flex, K flexo) 
H type (hedström)
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18
Q

how are k flexo files made

A

they have a rhombiodal cross section shape and they are made by twisting them

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19
Q

what is the issue with hedstrom files

A

as the flutes are mechanically cut into the file it does suffer from micro cracks which leads to the file usually cracking in the tooth

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20
Q

what re components of the file

A

handle- will stamp the size
file length
silicone stop- helps with the reference point

21
Q

if a file size is 35 what size is the tip

A

0.35

22
Q

what are usual file lengths

A

21
25
31mm

23
Q

what is the cutting length of the file

A

19mm- MIGHT GET ASKED IN EXAM ***

24
Q

which file should we use

A

the shortest file that can do the job as there is more tactile sensation

25
Q

what can differ in the tips

A

they can be cutting or non cutting

26
Q

which k files are non cutting

A

k flexo

27
Q

which files have cutting tips

A

hedström files

28
Q

what do the files have

A

2% taper- meaning for every 1mm back from the tip the diameter increases by 0.02mm
MIGHT ASK IN EXAM***

29
Q

who first described the step-down preparation

A

goerig in 1982

30
Q

what is the double flare

A

coronal flare and then the apical flare and blending back to create a taper

31
Q

what prep shall we do first

A

the coronal flare- do not force files into the canal

32
Q

how can we tell the size of the gates glidden

A

by the number of bands on the non working end

33
Q

what is the working end of a GG2 the same size as

A

a size 70 file- 0.7mm

34
Q

what is the working end of a GG3 the same size as

A

a size 90 file

35
Q

what is the working end of a GG4 the same size as

A

110 file

36
Q

how do gates gliddens work

A

use with a brushing motion and cut on the out stroke

37
Q

how do we finish apical preparation

A

determine the working length

using an apex locator and a radiograph using a size 10/15 length

38
Q

what is the working length

A

the length from the coronal aspect of the tooth to the apical constriction

39
Q

what is the apical constriction

A

where the apex of the tooth narrows it is a few mm away from the apical foramen

40
Q

what is the step down technique

A

use the smallest file eg 10 and using the stem winding technique rotate until loose
then use eg the size 15 file and work till loose
and then the size 20 file until loose
if a file does not fit DO NOT FORCE it just go back to the size smaller file and continue to rotate

41
Q

what is cold lateral compaction

A

GP into the root canal and the finger spreader along the side and push the GP to the side of the canal
keep going till you cannot fit anymore GP in the canal

42
Q

how do we cut the GP

A

using a heater instrument and cut the GP to the CEJ

43
Q

what is the master apical file

A

the largest file that is used to the full working length

44
Q

what is the master apical file dependant on

A

the size of the curvature and the original size of the canal

45
Q

how do we obturate

A

use a master apical file to see the full size of the working length and then get GP of the same size
dry the canal with paper points and ensure it goes to working length till you can feel a tug back

46
Q

how does the cold lateral compression technique work

A

using a finger spreader and GP to fill the canal and use accessory cones to fill the canals

47
Q

what do we do once we have all the GP in the canals

A

take a radiograph called the mid fill radiograph- to check if you’ve got GP in the right place

48
Q

what is thermoplasticised techniques

A

using a hot instrument to melt the GP so it flows into lateral canals as well as vertical canal

49
Q

where do we cut back the GP to in a posterior tooth

A

the oriface

CSA (51 decks)

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