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CSA > endodontic instruments and materials E lec > Flashcards

endodontic instruments and materials E lec Flashcards

1
Q

give examples of endodontic instruments and materials

A 
anaesthesia 
isolation
access to pulp canal 
intra canal medication 
temporisation
obturation 
preparation: which involves mechanical and chemical
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2
Q

for endo treatment on a upper central incisor what LA would we need

A

buccal and palatal infiltration

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3
Q

with regards to an upper molar which areas would we need to anaesthetise

A

buccal and palatal infiltration

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4
Q

for a lower molar which blocks would we need

A

ID block
long buccal nerve
lingual block

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5
Q

why might the level of anaesthesia not be sufficient for pulp removal

A

hyperaemic pulp
infection
patient factors

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6
Q

why might a hyperaemic pulp not allow LA to work

A

increased vascularity which removes the LA solution more rapidly from the area

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7
Q

why might LA not work in areas of infection/inflammation

A

hyper-excitability of the nerves esp C fibres which means LA might not be able to block conduction

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8
Q

if LA was not able to work which additional techniques can we use

A

intraligamentary
intrapulpal
intraosseous of LA
or a sedative

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9
Q

what do we use to isolate the tooth during RCT

A

rubber dam

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10
Q

what are the main functions of rubber dam during endo treatment

A 
protection of airway 
protection from irritants 
prevention of contamination
improved visuals and access 
comfort of the patient
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11
Q

what else do we use during endo treatment

A 
oraseal putty 
dental floss 
small flexible aspirator tip
gauze
wedgit
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12
Q

why do we use the gauze

A

for patient comfort

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13
Q

why do we use floss

A

to secure the dental clamp and prevent swallowing

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14
Q

why do we use wedgit

A

to secure rubber dam

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15
Q

why do we use oraseal

A

to seal the tooth from water

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16
Q

what equipment is used in endo treatment

A 
mirror 
tweezers 
shank excavator 
flat plastic 
explorer probe
plugger for gutta percha
measuring device 
file stand
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17
Q

what should we consider before endodontic treatment starts

A

the cronw is restoration
caries and defective restorations removed
sound coronal restorations

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18
Q

what should we look for on the x ray

A 
Number of roots
Number of canals
Morphology of roots/canals 
Extent of current restoration
Presence of caries
Presence of canal sclerosis/ pulp stones/ previous RCT/ fractured instruments
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19
Q

what are the aims of coronal access

A 
remove the roof of pulp chamber 
no damage to pulpal floor 
straight line access 
conservative 
retentive for temp restoration
20
Q

what do we need for finding canal

A

good light
magnification
explorer

21
Q

what might also be used to remove dentine around canal orifces

A

ultrasonic instruments

22
Q

what do we try to achieve in cleaning and shaping

A

remove as many bacteria as possible and allow for adequate filling or obturation

23
Q

how do we prepare the root canals

A

mechanical + chemical= chemomechanical

24
Q

how do we mechanically prepare the root

A

Coronal followed by apical preparation (step down)
Files and Gates Glidden burs used to produce a smooth and gentle taper.
Hand files and rotary files available
K-files

25
Q

what do gates glidden burs do

A

to straighten to coronal portion of the canal

26
Q

how do we carry out coronal preparation

A

Create a funnel shape
Removes bacteria and necrotic tissue and prevents this being carried apically
Keep the canal in the centre of preparation
Use files and then Gates - Glidden burs in the straight part of canal
Files are then used to prepare the remainder of the coronal 2/3 of the canal.

27
Q

how many sizes do gates glidden burns come in

A

6 sizes- indicated by the grooves on the shank

28
Q

how is the apical 1/3 prepared

A

with files- K flex files

29
Q

how are files sized

A

according to the diameter at the tip

30
Q

what is the small rubber stop on each file for

A

indicates the length of the canal as it moved

31
Q

what are chelting agents used for

A

used with files to lbricate the canal and remove smear layer

32
Q

give examples of chelating agents

A

EDTA

Fileze

33
Q

give examples of irrigants

A

sodium hyprochlorite

34
Q

describe the properties of sodium hypochlorite

A 
destroys microorganisms 
dissolves organic matter 
wets the canal
removes debris by flushing
biocompatible-but not outside the tooth
35
Q

what are intra canal mediacaments

A

materials placed in the root canal between visits

36
Q

what are the requirements of intra canal medicaments

A 
Antibacterial
Aids periapical healing
Therapeutic
Anti inflammatory
Long lasting
Non-irritant
Easy to use and remove
Cheap
37
Q

give examples of intra canal medicaments

A

calcium hydroxide

38
Q

when might you use intra canal medicaments

A 
Persistent infection
Unable to dry prepared canal
Incomplete apex
Incomplete preparation
Insufficient time for obturation
39
Q

describe Ca(OH)2

A 
Long lasting bactericidal action
Aids repair
Apexification
Dissolves organic debris
Easy to use (available in syringes with narrow cannulae)
Relatively easy to remove
40
Q

what is the aims of temporisation

A

seals the tooth
restores function
prevents over eruption/drifting
restores aesthetics

41
Q

which materials can be used for interim restorations

A

gic
polycarboxylate cement
kalzinol- zincoxide eugenol

42
Q

what is placed into the canal first before the temp restoration

A

a pleglet of cotton wool

43
Q

what is the aim of obturation

A

three dimensional hermetic seal of the canal system. - orevents microorganisms reentering

44
Q

what do we use to obturate the canals

A

gutta percha- contains zinc oxide

45
Q

what do we use in conjunction with GP

A

sealers

46
Q

why do we use sealers

A

root filling to the canal walls and fills small voids. Ideally a sealer should display antibacterial properties and be radio-opaque

47
Q

give examples of sealer

A

calcium hydroxide
zincoxide eugenol
glass ionomer

CSA (51 decks)

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