systemic antimicrobials and perio disease part 1 Flashcards
to discuss the rationale for adjunctive antimicrobial therapy in perio disease
what are antibiotics against
specifically against bacteria
definition of antibiotics
drugs that kill or halt the multiplication of bacterial cells at concentrations that are relatively harmless to host tissues and therefore can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria
what is an infection
invasion of micro-organisms in the host cell and the reaction of the host to it- manifests in many forms
what are the components of a bacterial cell
capsule cell wall cytoplasmic membrane flagella fimbriae ribosomes nucleoid RER DNA
what is the nature of perio infections
polymicrobial
which is the most accepted plaque hypothesis
ecological
what are the plaque hypothesis
non specific
specific
ecological
what are the classifications of antimicrobials
based on spectrum of activity
based on the action
what are antimicrobials based on the spectrum of activity called
narrow spectrum
broad spectrum
what are antimicrobials based on the action
bacteriostatic
bactericidal
what would we prefer to give patients
narrow spectrum
why do we not want to give broad spectrum antibiotics all the time
so we do not have any side effects eg antibiotic resistance
what is bacteriostatic
STOPS OR INHIBITS THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE BACTERIA
what is bactericidal
kills the bacteria
what do we prefer to give bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bactericidal
why do we not give bacteriostatic
takes longer
patient compliance
what is the mode of action for systemic antibiotics
- inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane function
- inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
- inhibition of ribosome function therefore protein synthesis
- inhibition of folate metabolism
what does amoxicillin inhibit
cell wall synthesis
what does metronidazole inhibit
nucleic acid synthesis by breaking down DNA
WHAT DOES TETRACYCLINE AND MACROLIDES inhibit
protein or ribosome synthesis
disadvantages of antimicrobials
hypersensitivity GI disturbances alterations in the commensal flora drug interactions- eg alcohol and disulfiram bacterial interactions
what happens if alcohol and disulfiram are mixed
it can have a potential anticoagulant effect
and avoid during pregnancy
what diseases can occur due to alterations in the commensal flora
pseudomembranous colitis
oral candidiasis
what drug can cause staining of the teeth
tetracycline- causes yellow bands in teeth therefore avoid during pregnancy
how may people died per year in the EU due to multiple resistant drug bacteria
25000
how much do we spend each year in extra healthcare and loss of productivity
1.9 billion
what is the antimicrobial stewardship programme
an organisational or healthcare system wide approach to promote the monitoring of use of anti microbial to preserve effectiveness
what are antimicrobial stewardship strategies
evidence based for optimal standards for routine antimicrobial prescribing
ensuring competency and education for prescribers
communication to all stakeholders
auditing the impact and uptake of processes
optimising outcome for patients prescribed antimicrobials
when is european antibiotic world awareness day
18th november
when is world antibiotic awareness week
12-18th week
what should we let patients know in regards to antibiotics
to take them as they are meant to be used
and to not demand antibiotics
what can happen to bacteria when patients use chlorhexidine
a gene is activated in Acinetobacter Baumannii to mediate chlorhexidine by actively transporting CHX out of the cell
where is acinetobacter baumannii seen
in afghanistan and iraqi war soldiers
which bacteria can chlorhexidine effect
acinetobacter baumannii - new super bug risk