The respiratory system Flashcards
Respiration
The way the body manages the release of energy within cells for cell function
External respiration
breathing
internal respiration
transport and exchange within cells
cellular respiration
Occurs in mitochondria of cells where energy is produced- oxygen is used in the process and carbon dioxide is a by-product.
Pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pharynx
chamber behind the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
Larynx
The enlargement at the top of the trachea
trachea
The flexible tube that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree
Brochi
Branched tubes that lead from the trachea to the alveoli.
Naso
Related to the nose
oro
related to the mouth
laryngo
related to the larynx
nasal conchae
A bony process which curls out from the walls of the nasal cavity
mucous membrane
a membrane lining the respiratory tract which is made of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Goblet cells
cells which secrete mucus
brocnchodilation
occurs when smooth muscle relaxes causes an increase in the diameter of the bronchus
brochnoconstriction
Occurs when smooth muscle contracts causing a reduction in the diameter of the bronchus.
Pleural membrane
A serous membrane which surrounds the lungs
visceral pleura
The pleura which is attached to the lungs
parietal pleura
the outside cavity which lines the chest cavity
ventilation
The process of breathing which brings about changes in pressure within the lungs and alveoli which cause air to move into and out of the lungs
tidal volume
volume of air moved in or out of lungs during a respiratory cycle.
vital capacity
maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possivle
inspiratory capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume
residual volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal expiration
Foramen ovale
the small opening between the right and left atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs before birth
ductus arteriosus
A vessel between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta which allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the lungs.
