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1st year sciences > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

A closed circuit consisting of the heart and blood vessels responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes.

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2
Q

Arteries

A

Transport blood away from the heart.

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3
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood towards the heart

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Vessels that run between the arteries and the veins

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5
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Oxygen poor blood flow between the heart and the lungs

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6
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Oxygen rich blood flow between the heart and body tissues

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7
Q

Pericardium

A

The membranous sac that encloses the heart

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8
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

The outer layer of the pericardium, which is composed of tough, protective tissue.

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9
Q

Serous pericardium

A

The inner double layered part of the pericardium

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10
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

The outer layer of the serous membrane which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

The inner layer of the serous membrane which covers the heart

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12
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

The space between the parietal and visceral layers. It contains serous fluid which reduces friction between the layers.

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13
Q

Epicardium

A

The outermost layer of the heart, a serous membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium.

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14
Q

Myocardium

A

The middle layer of the wall of the heart which consists of cardiac muscle. It is the thickest layer of the heart wall and pumps blood out of the heart chambers.

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15
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner layer of the heart wall which is made up of connective tissue and epithelium. It contains the purkinje fibres.

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16
Q

Atria

A

The 2 upper chambers of the heart which receive blood.

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17
Q

Ventricles

A

The 2 lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart

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18
Q

Septum

A

Separates the atrium and ventricle on the right from those on the left.

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19
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Valves between the atria and ventricles that prevent the backflow of blood.

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20
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

The vein that brings blood to the heart from the lower part of the body.

21
Q

Superior vena cava

A

The vein that brings blood to the heart from the upper part of the body.

22
Q

Myocardium

A

Coronary circulation

23
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Drains blood from the myocardium into the right atrium.

24
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

A valve at the base of the pulmonary trunk that prevents blood backflow to the right ventricle.

25
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

A valve at the base of the aorta which prevents blood backflow into the left ventricle.

26
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The arteries which supply the cardiac muscle cells

27
Q

Anastomoses

A

Alternate pathways for blood between coronary arteries in case a pathway becomes blocked.

28
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Drains blood from the heart muscle and carries it to the coronary sinus.

29
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

Specialised cardiac muscle tissue which conducts impulses throughout the myocardium.

30
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

The “Pacemaker” of the heart. Generates the impulses for the heartbeat.

31
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Passes impulses to the AV bundle. It delays the signal until the atria have finished contracting.

32
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle.

33
Q

P wave

A

The first wave on an ECG. Corresponds to the depolarisation of the atria which leads to the contraction of the atria.

34
Q

QRS complex

A

Depolarisation of the ventricles. Leads to contraction of the ventricles. Repolarisation of the atria occurs during the QRS complex but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event.

35
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarisation, leading to ventricular relaxation

36
Q

Diastole

A

Chambers relaxed, filled with blood

37
Q

Systole

A

Chambers contract, blood expelled, act of pumping

38
Q

S1 sound

A

The first heart sound. It sounds like “Lubb” and is associated with the closure of the AV valve and contraction of the ventricles.

39
Q

S2 sound

A

The second heart sound. It sounds like “Dubb” and is associated with the relaxing of the ventricles and the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

40
Q

Bradychardia

A

Slow heart rate (<60BPM)

41
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate (>100BPM)

42
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

High potassium ions, decreases the heart rate and decreases the force of heart contractoin

43
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

high calcium ions, increases heart action

44
Q

Inotropic agents

A

Factors that alter the force of ventricular contraction

45
Q

Positive inotropic agents

A

Trigger stronger heart contractions by increasing calcium ion levels within cardiac cells.

46
Q

Negative inotropic agents

A

Reduce contraction ion strength by decreasing calcium ion levels.

47
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

The alternating expansion and recoil of the wall of an artery as the ventricles contract and relax.

48
Q

Blood

A

A type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix plasma that links the internal and external environments of the body.

49
Q

Red blood cells

A

Responsible for respiratory gas transport

1st year sciences (14 decks)

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