The digestive system Flashcards
Alimentary canal
A tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus
Peristalsis
A coordinated motion of contraction between the longitudinal and circular muscles that moves food down the alimentary canal.
Segmentation
A process of mixing that occurs in the small intestine
Ingestion
The process by which food is taken into the alimentary tract.
Salivary amylase
An enzyme that causes the initial breakdown of carbohydrates
Rugae
Thick folds in the stomach lining that disappear when the stomach is full.
Pyloric sphincter
Regulates the releasing of food from the stomach into the duodenum.
Gastric pit
Small pores in the stomach where tubular gastric glands are found
pepisnogen
Inactive form of digestive enzyme, converted to pepsin
Parietal cells
Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
intrinsic factor
important molecule to allow absorption of vitamin B12
Pepsin
Converts protein to polypeptides
gastrin
A hormone that is released to increase gastric gland secretion
Pancreatic amylase
Produced in the pancreas and digests polysaccharides into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase
Produced in the pancreas and coverts fats and fatty acids to glycerol.
Nucleases
Produced in the pancreas and digests DNA and RNA
Bile
responsible for the emulsification (Break down) of fats.
Billirubin
A waste product from the breaking down of red blood cells.
mescentery
A double layer of peritoneal membrane between the peritoneal perineum and the visceral peritoneum.
Greater omentum
A double fold of the peritoneum that covers the stomach, transverse colon, and the intestine to provide protection.
Lacteal
Lymphatic capillary
Nutrients
The chemicals supplied from the environment that an organism requires for survival.
Triglyceride
Lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule
minerals
inorganic elements that are essential for metabolism
vitmains
organic compounds required in small amounts for normal metabolism.
