The Reformation Flashcards
Name the six causes of the reformation
- Wealth
- Ignorance of the priesthood
- Abuses in the church
- Influence of the printing press
- Influence of the Renaissance
- Sale of indulgences
What were the four abuses in the church?
i) Simony
ii) Nepotism
iii) Absenteeism
iv) Pluralism
Explain simony
The buying and selling of church positions
Explain nepotism
Appointing relatives to church positions
Explain absenteeism
When a priest or Cardinal is frequently away from his church parish
Explain pluralism
Having more than one church position or being in charge of more than one parish
What was the Reformation?
The establishment of the Protestant religion in the 16th century
When and where was Martin Luther born?
1483 in saxony Germany
What does ‘justification by faith alone’ mean?
It was Luther’s main belief that having faith in God alone would allow a person to go to heaven
In what year did Luther write 95 theses and nail them to the door of Wittenberg castle?
1517
What led Luther to be excommunicated?
He publicly burned his papal bull
What was the Diet of Worms?
This was a parliament of German princes and rulers
Who was Jean Calvin ?
A French Protestant who fled to Switzerland because of his beliefs
What did Jean Calvin establish?
The Calvinist Church (Presbyterian)
What was Calvin’s book called?
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
What was Calvin’s main belief
Predestination
Who brought Calvinism to Scotland?
John Knox
Why did King Henry VIII set up the Anglican Church?
Because he Pope refused to grant him an annulment
What was the counter reformation?
The Catholic Church’s attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism and to win people back to Catholicism
What three methods did the Catholic Church use to stop the spread of Protestantism and win back people to Catholicism?
- The Council of Trent
- The Jesuits
- The Inquisition
What were the results of the reformation?
- Europe split
- Religious wars
- Persecution
What were the effects of the reformation on Ireland?
- England tried to spread Protestantism to Ireland
- Henry VIII closed down all the monasteries in Ireland
- Plantations and many wars
- Penal laws were introduced
How did Luther’s teachings differ to those of the Catholic Church?
LUTHER: -Justification by faith alone -Bible is the main source of religious truth -Two sacraments -Consubstantiation -Local prince/king was leader of the church in their area -Priests can marry CHURCH: -Faith + good works = heaven -Religious truth found in teachings of the church and in the bible -Seven sacraments -Transubstantiation -Pope was the head of the church -Priests cannot marry
How did Protestants get their name?
In 1529, Emporer Charles V rejected the Confesion of Augsburg (summary of Lutheranism beliefs) and tried to ban Lutheranism. A number of princes protested and were labelled as Protestanys
When did Luther die?
1546
What was the Council of Trent?
Was a series of meetings between the Pope, Cardinals and Archbishops in the Catholic Church. The wanted to reform problems in the Catholic Church. They met in the town of Trent, Italy over a 20 year period.
Who set up the Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
What was Loyola’s book called?
Spiritual Exercises
What was the Inquisition?
A church court set up to put people on trial for heresy
