The Plantations Flashcards
Describe Anglo Irish lords/Norman lords
🔹Descended from Normans
🔹Mix of Norman lords loyal and not loyal to England
🔹Some followed Brehon law and some followed common law
🔹Surnames like Fitz, Burke, Butler
🔹Most Catholic but some Protestant
What is the Pale?
Dublin and its surrounding areas, loyal to English king/queen
Describe the people of the pale
▪️Descended from Normans but completely loyal to king of England
▪️Adopted English customs
▪️Followed Common Law
Why did the plantations begin?
The English king, Henry VIII, wanted to take control of Ireland
What 3 methods did Henry try to use to take control of Ireland?
- Military Conquest
- Surrender and regrant
- Plantations
Describe Gaelic Lords
🔸Surnames with O' and Mc 🔸Descended from Celts 🔸Spoke Irish 🔸Followed Brehon Law 🔸Had glibs, men had moustaches, wore mantles and went barefoot 🔸Were Catholic
Who ordered the Laois-Offaly plantation?
Queen Mary I (Catholic)
How did Queen Mary I carry out her plantation?
☺She confiscated land from the O’Mores and the O’Connors
☺She divided up their land between settlers
Define settlers/planters
English/Scottish people who came to Ireland during the plantations
What were the conditions of the Laois-Offaly plantation?
- Had to build a stone house and defend themselves
2. They couldn’t employ Gaelic Irish labourers or have Gaelic Irish tenants
Why couldn’t settlers of the Laois-Offaly plantation have Gaelic Irish labourers or have Gaelic Irish tenants?
This was because the queen wanted to bring more English people to Ireland to spread their culture and customs
Were there any other changes of the Laois-Offaly plantation?
- Laois became Queen’s County. Portlaois became Maryborough
- Offaly became King’s County. Dangon became Philipstown
- Planters introduced Common Law-> each town had to have a court and a prison
Was the Laois-Offaly plantation a success? Why?
It was a failure:
- Not enough settlers came
- This forced them to employ Gaelic Irish Labourers
- O’Connors and the O’Mores kept attacking settlers’ land
Who ordered the Munster plantation?
Queen Elizabeth I (Protestant)
How did Queen Elizabeth carry out the Munster plantation?
○The Fitzgeralds rebelled against Queen Elizabeth but were defeated by her army.
○She confiscated their land and started the Munster plantation
○She divided up the plots into estates of 12,000, 8,000, 6,000 and 4,000 acres
○Each estate was given to a planter who was called an undertaker
What was the Desmond rebellion?
The Fitzgeralds were the most powerful family in Munster. Their leader was the Earl of Desmond. They were annoyed with the queen for interfering with their affairs. They rebelled but were defeated by Queen Elizabeth’s army
What were the conditions of the Munster plantation?
- They could not rent land to Gaelic Irish or employ them as labourers
- Had to provide their own soldiers
- Had to spread the Protestant religion and spread English customs