The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Why did population growth affect the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

Population growth encouraged the industrial revolution because there was a greater demand for food and products. They needed faster ways to produce more food and products

Question 2

Four-field crop rotation

Answer 2

Invented by Charles Townsend. It meant that instead of having a fallow field, farmers would grow turnips and clover and more wheat

Question 3

Selective breeding

Answer 3

Robert Bakewell developed the practice of only breeding animals that put on weight quickly. His cattle produced more milk, his sheep had more wool and his horses were stronger so they could work harder

Question 4

The seed drill

Answer 4

Invented by Jethro Tull. They buried the seed deep into the ground so the birds couldn’t eat them. Benefit; more crops produced

Question 5

Flying shuttle

Answer 5

The flying shuttle was invented by John Kay. Its function; he put wheels on the shuttle which made it faster and easier to use. Benefit; it made weaving quicker, and produced more fabric

Question 6

Spinning jenny

Answer 6

The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. Its function; it spun seven threads at once. Benefit; it made spinning yarn faster. It produced more thread

Question 7

Water frame

Answer 7

The water frame was invented by Richard Arkwright. Its function; allowed spinning of hundreds of yarns at the same time. Run by water power. Benefits; it produced more thread

Question 8

Power loom

Answer 8

The power loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright. Its function; weaving. Benefit; could be powered by water/steam. Sped up weaving

Question 9

Rotative beam steam engine

Answer 9

The rotation of the steam engine was invented by James Watt. Function; Used in factories for powering machines (Spinney Jenny’s). Also it powered steam ships and railway locomotives. Benefit; it powered machines which meant they produce more cloth quicker

Question 10

Enclosure

Answer 10

Enclosed farms into separate farms for each farmer. Ended the system of having all farmers sharing one piece of land.

Question 11

What was the benefit of enclosure?

Answer 11

The animals no longer grazed in the one area. Therefore, disease was less likely to wipe out everyone’s herds. Also, farmers could try out new methods of farming on their farms without risking everyone else’s crops

Question 12

What was the disadvantage of enclosure?

Answer 12

Poorer farmers/ labourers couldn’t afford to buy their own land. This causes huge unemployment

Question 13

What were the results of the Agricultural revolution?

Answer 13

►Wide availability of cheap food
►Further increased population
►New machinery and not enough jobs in agriculture led to more people moving to cities in search of work in factories

Question 14

Who built the Worsley to Manchester Canal for the Duke of Bridgewater?

Answer 14

James Brindley

Question 15

What did John McAdam do?

Answer 15

Used stone chippings to pave roads. This allowed water to drain through so roads were less muddy

Question 16

What did Thomas Telford do?

Answer 16

Built roads with layers of roads and stone. He put drainage ditches on the sides

Question 17

What were Turnpike roads?

Answer 17

Excellent roads built by business men. Charged tolls to use these roads

Question 18

Stage coaches

Answer 18

Public coaches pulled by horses

Question 19

Bianconi Car

Answer 19

Invented by Charles Bianconi. Passengers sat back to back. Pulled by horses

Question 20

What did Richard Trevithic invent?

Answer 20

‘Catch Me Who Can’

Question 21

What did George Stephenson invent?

Answer 21

‘The Rocket’

Question 22

During the Industrial Revolution, what did working class people living in the slums eat?

Answer 22

Some would eat potato with a bit of bacon. The very poor ate porridge, bread, cheese and potatoes

Question 23

During the Industrial Revolution, what did the upper class eat?

Answer 23

Fish, beef, soup, ham, roast chicken/mutton and plum cake. Richer women drank tea or coffee and men drank port

Question 24

What did James Simpson do?

Answer 24

He used chloroform to lessen pain

Question 25

What did Edward Jenner do?

Answer 25

Discovered a cure for smallpox

Question 26

When was the Public Health Act passed and what did it do?

Answer 26

The Public Health Act was passed in 1842 and this set up proper sewers and water pipes and the streets were cleaned

Question 27

What did the 1833 Factory Acts do?

Answer 27

Banned children under 9 from working

Question 28

What did the 1844 Factory Acts do?

Answer 28

Said children under 13 could only work 6 hours per day