Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global 10 > The Reformation > Flashcards

The Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

Underlying causes of the Reformation

A

The church lost the support of the working poor/common people
People were dissatisfied with the lavish lifestyle of the Church
The middle class became more educated and literacy went up- people read the bible and thought the church was too feudal and old-fashioned
Kings and Ruling princes were commonly in conflict with the church and disputed over issues and who was to control things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Tone of the Reformation

A

National pride

Questioning attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Religious causes of the Reformation

A

Simony- selling church positions
Immorality and Nepotism- violation of the celibacy rule, neglecting religious duties
Sale of Indulgences- forgiveness of sins is sold for money used to fund church activities and buildings
The Great Schismm- 3 popes at one time, people didn’t forget and are just about fed up
Failure of Reformers like John Wycliff and Jan Hus who were burned at the stake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Political causes of the Reformation

A

Monarchs/Leaders wanted to reduce Church influence in government affairs
The pope was considered a foreign ruler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Economic causes of the Reformation

A 
Rising middle class and peasants and rulers all resented Church taxes, as most of the money was sent to Rome for projects and stuff there
The Kings wanted to control the Church's landholdings throughout Europe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intellectual cause of the Reformation

A

The Renaissance encouraged questioning of Church’s teachings- weakened respect for the Church’s authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Martin Luther***

A

German monk, lawyer
Professor at University of Wittenberg
Was caught in a huge storm, promised to enter the seminary if he survived, which he did.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Incident of 1517***

A

The issue that initiated the reformation
Pope Leo X wanted to build St. Peters Basilica in Rome, so sold indulgences
Needed more $$ to build the Basilica and pay back the banks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Johann Tetzel

A

A Monk authorized by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences in Germany
Raised funds for the Church/Pope Leo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The 95 Theses

A

Martin Luther nailed these 95 questions/requests for debate&reform
This was the medieval way of initiating debate
Pope Leo ignores him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Martin Luther’s Basic Beliefs (7)

A
  1. Salvation through faith alone, not good works too
  2. Religious authority= Bible, not Pope
  3. People should read&interpret the Bible for themselves, not ask a Pope or religious authority
  4. Marry of clergy should be permitted
  5. Seven Sacraments down to 2- Baptism&Communion
  6. Rejected Transubstantiation(transformation from body&blood to bread&wine)- bread&wine undergo spiritual change
  7. Kings are supreme authority in all matters except for religious ones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pope Leo’s Papel Bull

A

Demanded that Martin Luther take back everything he had said or be burned at the stake
Luther burned the Papel Bull publicly and was exocommunicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diet of Worms

A

Luther was ordered to appear before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and German nobility and was told to take back everything, or be declared a heretic and leave the HRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Frederick the Wise of Saxony

A

Took Luther up to Saxony and protected him from Charles V and others who were after him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Initial Formation of Lutheranism

A

While Luther was in Saxony under protection, he organized a new religions with all his beliefs and translated the Bible into German

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Spread of Lutheranism

A

In the 1520s it spread to Northern Germany, Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Kings/Rulers took church property
Caused the north/south split between Lutheranism and Catholicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peace of Aunsburg

A

In 1555 Charles V, The HRE, was forced to accept this peace treaty which declared the permanent division of Germany into Lutheranism and Catholicism areas and that The political ruler of each kingdom would determine that kingdom’s religion

18
Q

Henry VIII

A

English Catholic King- “Defender of Faith” who married many women in order to get a male heir
To divorce his first wife, went to the pope to ask for an annulment of the marriage, but the pope refused, then went to parliament and asked them to end the Pope’s authority in England

19
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

Wife #1 of Henry VIII

Mother of Mary

20
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

Wife #2 of Henry VIII
Mother of Elizabeth I
Was killed after she didn’t get Henry VIII a male heir

21
Q

Act of Supremacy of 1534

A

Made the king (Henry VIII) the head of England’s church- not the pope

22
Q

Jane Seymour

A

Wife #3 of Henry VIII

Mother of Edward VI

23
Q

Edward VI

A

son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
was a weakling
Became king of England at at 9, then died at age 16

24
Q

Mary

A

Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine
“Bloody Mary”
Became Queen of England and returned it to Catholicism
Persecutes and kills many prominent protestants (over 275)
Imprisoned her half-sister Elizabeth

25
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Became Queen of England after Mary
Reformed Church of England- Anglican Church- priests allowed to marry and sermons were in the English vernacular

26
Q

The Spanish Armada

A

Spanish King Philip II wanted to reclaim England for Catholicism and punish Elizabeth/England for supporting Dutch protestants against the Spanish
130 ships, 8000 sailors and 19000 troops were sent to England and were destroyed by small, fast English ships then destroyed by storms
UNSUCCESSFUL

27
Q

Predestination

A

Concept of John Calvin

“God alone knows who has been chosen for salvation, you can’t earn it or change it”

27
Q

John Calvin

A

French Lutheran who fled to Switzerland
Came up with Predestination
Ran the city of Geneva, Switzerland as a theocracy
Began Calvinism- scared rulers who believed in attending religious classes, no bright colors, no gambling and no blasphemy

28
Q

John Knox

A

Scottish Protestant preacher
Created Lutheranism
Helped the laymen of Scotland over throw Catholic Queen of Scotland
Began Presbyterianism

29
Q

Huguentos

A

French Protestants

Had to defend themselves against attacks

30
Q

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

A

Catholics murdered Protestants in France
Lasted over 6 months
approx. 12000 were killed
many fled to the New World

31
Q

Anabaptists

A

Protestant group that believed in only baptizing adults
The Bible was the source for Christians
Chruch/state separation
Lived communally
Refused to fight in wars
Early Amish & Mennonites
Later influenced Quakers, Baptists and Methodists

32
Q

The Counter Reformation

A

aka The Catholic Reformation

goal= to bring the protestants and their land back into the church

33
Q

Ignatius Loyola

A

Became a priest
his followers= Jesuits aka The Society of Jesus
Built schools, coverted non-christians, tried to stop the spread of protestantism

34
Q

Pope Paul III

A

part of the papal reform- reformer??
investigated indulgences and other criticisms of the church
approved the Jesuits
part of the Inquisition
Called the Council of Trent to discuss church reforms

35
Q

The Inquisiton

A

priests tasked with rooting out and punishing heretics (protestants and jews)

36
Q

Council of Trent & the 4 things they decided on

A

Called by Pope Paul III to discuss Church reforms
Decided:
1. The church’s interpretation of the Bible is FINAL
2. Faith AND good works are necessary for salvation
3. The Bible AND church traditions were guides for Christians
4. Indulgences were valid forms of faith

37
Q

Pope Paul IV

A

Created Index of Forbidden Books

38
Q

Index of Forbidden Books

A

created by Pope Paul IV
List of books that were “dangerous” to Catholic faith
Bishops & priests gathered these books and burned them

39
Q

The Legacy of the Reformation

A

Protestantism and its many varieties flourished and spread around the world
Religious wars rose then faded after Catholics and Protestants realized neither of them were going anywhere
As church power declined, the power of kings and nations rose, paving the way for modern European nations
Led to many more religious/political conflicts in the future, some of which are still around today

Global 10 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions