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Global 10 > Cold War and European Union > Flashcards

Cold War and European Union Flashcards

0
Q

US & Western Democracies

A

NATO

their goal was to contain communism and the eventual collapse of the communist world

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1
Q

Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations

A

“Iron Curtain”

their goal was to spread world-wide communism

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2
Q

Arms Race

A

nuclear escalation

ideological competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples

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3
Q

The Truman Doctrine

A
  1. Civil War in Greece
  2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles
  3. The US should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures
  4. US gave Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid
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4
Q

The Marshall Plan

A
  1. European Recovery Program
  2. The US should provide aid to all european nations that need it
  3. Created by secretary of state George Marshall
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5
Q

Berlin Blockade

A

3 Allies occupation zones were combined to form West Germany, withdrew their forces
The soviets cut off the road, rail and water access to West Berlin, tried to starve W. Berlin into submission
US & British planes delivered food and supplies to W. Berlin every 3 minutes - 277,000 flights

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6
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
US, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, W. Germany, Spain, then later soviet states

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7
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

USSR defense alliance formed in response to NATO

USSR, Bulgaria, E. Germany, Albania, Czech, Hungary, Poland, Romania, soviet states

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8
Q

Premier Nikita Khrushchev

A

ruled 1954 - 1964
Soviet Premier after Stalin’s death
launched a de-stalinization campaign
he condemned Stalin’s policies & abuse of power and the Great Purge

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9
Q

Brinksmanship

A

confrontational policies of confronting the west and bringing the world to the brink of war

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10
Q

1949

A

china becomes communist

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11
Q

The Korean War

A

a “police action”
the first armed conflict of Cold War
killing 5 million people
Proxy War

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12
Q

The Suez Crisis

A

Egyptian military dictator Gemal Abdul Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal which had been jointly controlled by Britain and France
Israel invaded across the Egyptian Sinai desert to control the eastern side of the Suez Canal
Britain and France launch an invasion of part to retake control of the canal

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13
Q

Results of the Suez Crisis

A

The US and UN opposed this invasion fearing a wider war because the USSR had threatened to intervene in support of Egypt. The UN forced Britain, France & Israel to withdraw and Nasser took control of the canal, promising to keep it open and neutral
Nasser became a hero and Britain was embarrased

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14
Q

Imre Nagy

A

Hungarian Prime Minister

promised free elections, free press and release of political prisoners & withdrawal from the warsaw pact

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15
Q

Sputnik I

A

The USSR built and launched the first man-made object to orbit the Earth
begins the Space Race

16
Q

U-2 Spy Plane Incident

A

US was secretly monitoring the USSR

Gary Powers plane was shot down over Soviet airspace

17
Q

Paris, 1961

A

Khrushchev and JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation
Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced and can be easily manipulated

18
Q

The Berlin Wall

A

Too many Eastern Europeans fleeing to West Berlin
East Berlin is sealed off with concrete walls and barbed wire
5075 successful escapes, over 200 killed trying

19
Q

1961

A

Cuba goes communist

20
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

failed US/CIA attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro

21
Q

Cuban Missle Crisis

A

14 extremely tense days in october after it was discovered that the USSR was assembling nuclear missle launch pads in Cuba capable of reacing the US
JFK ordered a Quarantine or naval blockade of Cuba

22
Q

Results of Cuban Missle Crisis

A

Russian missles were turned away from Cuba and the launch pads dismantled
direct phone line installed between Moscow and Washington
US removed missles from Turkey and promised not to invade Cuba

23
Q

Czechoslovakia

A 
"Prague Spring"
Czech president Alexander dubcek
freedom of expression & limited democracy
The USSR invaded, ending the reforms
Dissidents and playwrights were arrested
24
Q

Vaclav Havel

A

Dissident who was arrested in Czechoslovakia

later became president of free czech republic

25
Q

Konrad Adenauer

A

a Christian democrat
first president of west Germany
pro-western foreign policy
“father of modern economy”

26
Q

Leohid Brezhnev

A

leader of Russia

died leaving power struggle

27
Q

politburo

A

soviet communist party congress

28
Q

Milhaud gorbachev

A

leader of USSR after Brezhnev died
youngest leader since Stalin
54 years old

29
Q

glasnost

A

“openness”
policy of Gorbachev
social freedoms to get new ideas
censorship eased, churches allowed, dissidents freed from prison

30
Q

perestroika

A

policy of Gorbachev
economic reform
less govt central planning
individuals could open own businesses

31
Q

democratization

A

policy of Gorbachev
more candidates to choose from- less party control, more reformers elected
extended to Eastern Europe

32
Q

European coal and steel community

A

ECSC
headquarters in Luxembourg
“inner six”: Benelux nations, France, Italy and west Germany
placed their coal and steel industries under of a form or supranational authority
eliminated tariff duties and set quotas

33
Q

European economic community

A 
EEC 
headquarters in Brussels 
treaty of Rome
increased economic integration and expanded membership
created larger free trade area 
eliminate all trade Barriers 
one common tariff with outside world
free movement of capital and labor within member nations
34
Q

European community

A 
EC
combined the ECSC and EEC 
created European Parliament idea
"United States of Europe"
518 seats
created European court of justice
35
Q

Maastricht agreements/treaty and EU

A 
1991-92
European Union (EU) created from EC
one currency,one culture, one social area, one environment
created frontier free Europe 
passports 
one large common market- worlds largest free trade market
euro= common currency 
includes 27 countries today
36
Q

EU crisis

A

EU members like Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain were cheating and borrowing heavily to pay for social programs and govt workers
spending more than they earned
solution: bailouts and steep cuts in govt spending- layoffs

37
Q

examples of supranational organizations

A

EU
NAFTA
UN
WTO

Global 10 (12 decks)

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