Russian Revolution & Stalin

Question 1

causes of revolution

Answer 1

discontent had been brewing for decades, 19th century czars ruled absolutely and oppressively, workers wanted better working conditions, national minorities wanted freedom, radicals began to resort to the formation of secret societies

Question 2

immediate cause of rev

Answer 2

radical students assassinate Czar Alexander II

Question 3

alexander III

Answer 3

came to throne in 1881, halted all reforms and strengthened autocratic rule, non-conformists (non orthodox, non russian speakers) were considered dangerous, made censorship and a secret police system, targeted teachers, was anti-semitic, organized pogroms
died of cirrhosis of the liver

Question 4

Nicholas II

Answer 4

ascends the throne at age 26, marries Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, Alexandra, a German princess
Alexandra advised him and was the dominant figure
had 4 daughters and one son, he was opposed to democracy and believed tradition would weather all the political changes

Question 5

Alexei

Answer 5

heir to the throne, son of Alexandra and Nicholas, had hemophilia and was very weak and scrawny

Question 6

pogroms

Answer 6

campaigns of violence against jews

Question 7

Russia industrially

Answer 7

Russia lagged behind, taxes were raised to develop industry, especially steel, industrialization deepened the problems for the working class

Question 8

Bolsheviks

Answer 8

russian radicals led by Vladimir Lenin

Question 9

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 9

war over disputed land in Korea and Manchuria, Russia lost

Question 10

Bloody Sunday

Answer 10

1905- 200,000 bolsheviks go to czar’s palace in St. Petersburg, he’s not there, they start to protest and petition and security forces opened fire and killed 1000

Question 11

Duma

Answer 11

russian parliament

Question 12

Russia in 1914: entering WWI

Answer 12

alliances with france and serbia bring Russia into the war, the duma supports the war, russia is ill-equipped and isolated
within 1 year, russia suffered 4 million casualities

Question 13

Russia in 1915: Nicholas and Czarina

Answer 13

Nicholas II fires generals, dissolves the Duma and entered the eastern war front
Czarina was in charge while he was at war

Question 14

Rasputin

Answer 14

philosopher who heavily influenced Czarina

was murdered by Russian nobles

Question 15

Russia in 1916: AWOL soldiers and caos

Answer 15

thousand of soldiers mutinied and went AWOL (absent without leave), lack of fuel, high inflation and uprisings, protests and strikes become problems
Revolution was imminent

Question 16

The March Revolution

Answer 16

consisted of 2 revolutions and a civil war
armed AWOL soldiers joined the protestors
the Czar was forced to abdicate leaving no gov’t to take his place
the Duma sets up a provisional gov’t

Question 17

Alexander Kerensky

Answer 17

leader of the provisional gov’t set up by the duma during the march rev

Question 18

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 18

leader of the Bolsheviks
was exiled from Russia and returned in april 1917
germany thought he was their secret weapon to defeat russia

Question 19

slogan of the bolsheviks

Answer 19

“Peace, Land, Bread”

Question 20

Storming of the Winter Palace

Answer 20

in November 1917, the bolshevik red guards storm the winter palace, headquarters of the provisional govt
Kerensky flees

Question 21

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 21

treaty of 1918 that took Russia out of WWI, Russia lost Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and lots of its population, iron and coal to Germany

Question 22

Civil War between Whites and Reds

Answer 22

“whites” - supporters of the provisional gov’t
“reds” - communist Bolsheviks
15 million russians die during war
“reds” win but Russian economy is in shambles

Question 23

The New Economic Policy (NEP)

Answer 23

temporarily allow some capitalism
peasants were allowed to sell surplus goods for profit
communist gov’t still had control of major industries but some farms and industries were in the hands of private owners

Question 24

The U.S.S.R (C.C.C.P)

Answer 24

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Lenin organizes Russia into republics
USSR slowly recovers economically but new problems are cause by Lenin’s death in 1924

Question 25

Joseph Dzhugashvili

Answer 25

aka Stalin aka Man of Steel
cold, harsh, ruthless General Secretary of the Communist Party
uneducated and uncultured, from a poor background in Georgia
responsible for killing many in purges
took complete control over the CCCP after Lenin’s death

Question 26

Trotsky

Answer 26

main rival of Stalin who was forced into exile and eventually assassinated, poised to become dictator

Question 27

Totalitarianism

Answer 27

complete control over all aspects of people’s lives- economic, social and political, challenges the values of western democracies

Question 28

Stalinist economics

Answer 28

opposed the NEP

wanted command economy- total gov’t control of the means of production

Question 29

5-year plans

Answer 29

gov’t plans that identify economic needs and set goals or quotas
used to improve industrial output and defense
set high quotas on basic industrial goods by limiting the production of consumer goods
had mixed results

Question 30

Collective Farms

Answer 30

the CCP seized 25 million private farms and turned them into state owned Collective Farms aka Communes
90% of peasants lived on communes
lots more wheat

Question 31

Kulaks

Answer 31

wealthy, land-owning peasants who resisted firecely

were executed and exiled by the thousands

Question 32

Great Purge of 1934

Answer 32

Stalin eliminated anyone who he thought was an enemy of the state
4 million were killed

Question 33

Indoctrination

Answer 33

instruction in the gov’ts beliefs aka brain-washing or molding peoples brains to communist ideals